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| 2008/06/13 19:31:49瀏覽1099｜回應1｜推薦5 | |
附件一：第二屆全球綠人大會台灣致詞 演講稿 Future of the Global Greens: Taiwan’s Perspective, Taiwan’s Role 全球綠人的未來：台灣的觀點與台灣的角色 Thank you Global Greens for inviting us to Brazil to take part in this very important conference. Many of you may not know that Brazil does not recognize Taiwan passports, and that our delegation was only able to obtain visas to join this conference on account of the intercession of the Brazilian Green Party. We therefore give our special thanks to the Brazilian Greens and all members of the organizing committee. 感謝全球綠人邀請我們來到巴西參加這場非常重要的會議，許多人可能不知道巴西並不承認台灣的護照，而我們的訪問團靠著巴西綠黨的幫助，才能獲得簽證並參加此次會議，因此我們要特別感謝巴西綠黨以及籌辦會議的所有成員。 On account of the efforts of the United States and China, Taiwan’s ability to join international conferences to discuss, debate and work towards solving global issues such as climate change, cross border pollution, conflict resolution, health issues and so on is extremely compromised. 在美國和中國的干預之下，台灣要參與解決全球性議題的國際會議，討論與辯論如氣候變遷，跨國污染，戰爭解決，公共衛生等問題，空間都是非常有限的。 This forum thus has special significance for us and for all the people and billions of other beings that inhabit the island that is known as Taiwan and whom we will do our best to represent. 因此本次會議對我們而言有著特別重要的意義，我們將竭盡所能，為所有人民和幾十億居住在台灣的物種發聲。 Although Taiwan is known by many names, the name we like best is “Ihla Formosa”, the words that are said to have been expressed by the Portuguese explorers in the early 17th century when they first came upon the island, an island that had been inhabited by the ancestors of some 70% of today’s Taiwan residents. The ancestors of Taiwan’s Indigenous people had been able to maintain the island through millennia of sustainable economic, political and social practices. These slides will give you at least a hint of some of the beauty that remains and about which so many of us are so very passionate. 雖然台灣有著許多名稱，但我們最喜歡的還是“ ihla福爾摩沙”，據說是在17世紀初葡萄牙探險家，首次看見這座島嶼時所說的話。當時的原住民是現今島內百分之七十以上台灣人的祖先。台灣的原住民幾千年來透過經濟、政治和社會上永續的生活方式使得這座島嶼得以保持原貌。這裡展示的照片將會讓你感受到台灣至今仍保存的美麗，與人民為何會對這塊土地充滿熱情。 As Japanese colony for fifty years, Taiwan is said to have “reverted” to rule by the Republic of China in 1945. The status of Taiwan remains unresolved under international law, not to mention the rights of Taiwan’s half million Indigenous peoples. Lacking a “de jure” resolution, and the unlikelihood of a resolution soon, we must nevertheless look at the de facto status of Taiwan. More pertinent to this conference of the Global Greens, we will look at some of the environmental, social and economic facts about Taiwan in order to put our view of the future of the Global Greens into perspective. 台灣受日本殖民長達五十年，於1945年脫離日本殖民，被中華民國稱為“光復”。根據國際法，台灣國際地位仍不確定，更別提島嶼上50萬原住民的人權。由於缺乏“法律上”的依據，在短期內我們無法解決台灣的地位問題，所以我們必須面對台灣的現實狀況。在這次全球綠人會議中，讓我們先了解台灣的環境、經濟與社會脈絡，以便稍後對於全球綠人的未來，提出我們的觀點及我們希望扮演的角色 Our country of about 23.3 million people with an area slightly smaller than Holland but nearly two thirds of which are mountainous, enjoys a diversity of plants, people and other animals, soils and terrains that give the country a vibrancy found in few other places on the Earth. Based on our land area and the surrounding oceans, we have the second highest level of biological diversity in the world, and were known to 19th century naturalists as the “Galapagos of Asia”. 我們的國家約有二千三百萬人，面積略小於荷蘭，卻有近三分之二是山地，擁有多樣的人民和豐富的動植物、土壤和地形，這樣旺盛的生命力在地球上更顯彌足珍貴。根據我們的土地面積及周邊海洋環境，我們有世界第二高的生物多樣性，因此被19世紀的博物學家稱為亞洲的加拉巴哥群島。 All this has radically changed with the introduction of “modern” modes of life such as the Dutch pelt traders during the 17th and 18th centuries that resulted in the near extinction of the Sika Deer, the subsequent large-scale import of Chinese farmers to open and work rice and sugar plantations, the exploitation of camphor trees by the Qing and Japanese governments, and of course the horribly exploitative and short-sighted logging of two and three thousand year old trees, first by the Japanese, and then even more insidiously by the Chinese through the later decades of the twentieth century. 所有這一切卻因為現代生活模式的引進而改變，例如17,18世紀荷蘭的毛皮商人導致梅花鹿的滅絕，隨後大量的中國農民進入台灣，開墾土地種植稻米和甘蔗，清朝與日本政府大量砍伐樟樹榨取樟腦，以及在二十世紀從日本殖民開始，到國民政府幾十年來短視近利地對二～三千年古樹濫墾濫伐。 In recent years Taiwan’s economic development has run on parallel tracks. On the one side has been the local large-scale infrastructure development that began in the 1970s. This brought major highway, port, mining and mega-manufacturing facilities such as petrochemical, paper, cement and steel plants throughout the country. 最近幾年台灣的經濟發展有兩條平行的軌道。一方面是70年代的大型基礎建設發展，在全國各地帶來了許多公路，港口，採礦和大型製造業，如石化，造紙，水泥和鋼鐵廠等設施。 On the other side, our economy has been highly dependent upon the United States, first due to Taiwan’s strategic importance during the Korean conflict, then with a major USAID program, and more recently with a series of bilateral trade agreements beginning in 1987 and a push by the US to get Taiwan into the World Trade Organization. Taiwan’s relationship with the US is important. We are one of the major customers for US military sales and even excluding such sales, Taiwan typically ranks 6th or 7th among the US’s trading partners. 另一方面，由於台灣在韓戰中重要的戰略地位，還有美國國際開發署計劃的經濟支援，我們的經濟一直高度依賴美國。從1987年開始美國和台灣更推出了一系列自由市場的雙邊貿易協定，並且逼迫台灣加入世界貿易組織。台灣和美國的關連很密切，我們是美國軍方銷售的主要對象之一，即使不包含武器銷售，我們仍是與美貿易排名第六或第七名的國家。 Following what is known as “derecognition” of Taiwan by the US in 1988, the US enacted a domestic law, “The Taiwan Relations Act” which gives Taiwan a bizarre status outside the US diplomatic framework, but very much within the sphere of control by the US State Department and other agencies. 但是在台美”斷交”後，美國在1988年，頒布了一項國內法——名為“台灣關係法”，在不對等的外交關係之下加強控制台灣。使台灣被排除於美國的外交範圍之外，在這項關係法的約束下，台灣被迫付出某些義務但卻無法享有對等的邦交權利。 At the same time, Taiwan has a “special relationship” with China. China currently claims to own Taiwan. They have over a thousand missiles aimed at Taiwan, have passed a domestic law giving them the right to use force if Taiwan declares independence (such a declaration being totally unnecessary as Taiwan has long possessed the attributes of an independent country and with the elections of all new deputies to our legislature in 1992 and direct presidential elections in 1996, all the attributes of a fully democratic country), and relentlessly pursues a policy of “unification” – sometimes mistranslated as “unity” – through a number of direct and subtle activities. 同時，台灣與中國有一種“特殊關係”。目前中國聲稱台灣是中國的一部分。有超過一千顆飛彈正瞄準著台灣，且已通過了一項國內法，若台灣宣布獨立，他們有使用武力的權力。並透過一些直接或間接的行動。持續地實行其“統一政策。 These attempts at control by the US and intimidation by China have been going on for over sixty years. We Taiwanese have gotten somewhat accustomed to the situation and we are making slow but sure progress in finding our own way, a way that reflects the essence of Taiwan, independent of the US and China. 台灣身處於美國的控制和中國的恐嚇之下超過六十年，某種程度台灣人已經習慣這種狀況，而在這種情況下我們仍以緩慢但穩定進步的方式找尋自己的路，這條路正反映了台灣的獨立性，一種不同於美國與中國的本質。 Despite this progress however, and this brings us back to the main subject, we Taiwanese would like to gain a little more room to work within the international community. 儘管有一些進展，然而我們回到今天的題目來看，台灣希望在國際社會中爭取更多的空間。 The “economic miracle” that Taiwan is known for in many circles has left a horrible legacy of environmental devastation, displacement of people, and health and social problems that are far out of proportion for a country the size of Taiwan and far out of proportion to possible benefits enjoyed by the people from the economic development of the past. 很多人知道台灣的「經濟奇蹟」，但它留下了可怕而不成比例的後遺症，如環境的破壞、人民遷移出自己的土地、還有健康和社會問題等，這些代價遠超過台灣這樣大小的國家可以承受的，也遠遠超過過去的經濟發展所帶給人民的好處。 Emissions: A number of our “achievements” may give you an idea of the seriousness of the problem. Our per capita greenhouse gas emissions are third in the world; and with less than .3% of the world’s population we rank 22d for our total emissions. Indeed, among OECD countries from 1990 to the present, Taiwan’s growth in CO2 emissions placed us at number one in the world. 我們的一些“成績”可能會讓大家了解問題的嚴重性。Co2排放：我們的人均溫室氣體排放量是世界第三位, 我們的人口少於世界人口0.3 ％，但二氧化碳總排放量卻是世界第二十二名。事實上，從1990年到今天，在OECD國家當中，台灣CO2排放的成長量，甚至是世界第一名。 Population: Over two thirds of the island are high mountains which means that of the 36,000 square kilometers, only about 12,000 sq km are inhabitable – this is for a population of over 23 million. 5,000 people per sq km is much higher than any other country in the world, including Bangladesh which is currently known as the country with the highest population density. 人口:台灣的高山面積超過三分之二，這意味著三萬六千平方公里中只有一萬兩千平方公里的面積適合居住，在此居住了兩千三百萬的人口。每平方公里五千人的人口密度，遠遠高於其他的國家，甚至高於目前人口密度最高的國家孟加拉。 Vehicles and highways: The roads and other vehicle habitats on the island are continually growing in order to accommodate the growing number of vehicles – over 20 million at the end of 2007. 汽機車與高速公路：島嶼上的道路用地正在不斷地成長，為了要容納日益成長的車輛數目，在2007年底汽機車已經超過兩千萬輛。 Nuclear: Our government has allowed six nuclear reactors to be built within a radius of 30 kilometers and all of these are within 70 kilometers from the residences of eight million humans. 核能：我們的政府在半徑30公里的範圍之內已經興建了6個核能機組，而這些核能機組與八百萬人口的居住地點，相距不到70公里。 Consumption: Per capita consumption of cement in Taiwan is consistently first or second in the world as are our per capita consumption of electronics, disposable plastic products, and our per capita generation of industrial waste. 消費：台灣的每人平均的水泥消費量，始終是世界的第一或第二名；跟我們在電子產品、可拋式塑膠製品的每人平均消費量，以及每人平均的工業廢棄物製造量的排名差不多。 Industrial: The world’s largest coal fired power plant, at over 5.5 million megawatts, is located in central Taiwan and the government continues to accept applications for new plants in the area. 工業：世界上最大的燃煤電廠，就位在台灣中部，發電量約為578.8萬千瓦；而政府仍持續地核准這個區域的新電廠開發案。 Government subsidies against the future: In the meantime, the government keeps energy, water and industrial land use prices at levels that are among the world’s lowest in industrialized countries. 犧牲未來的政府補貼：為了促進產業發展，直到現在政府一直讓能源價格、水價、工業地價，維持在世界各工業國家中的最低水準。 Health: Cancer rates of all types are soaring and despite calls from many experts linking this with environmental factors, the government insists of proving the link before it will take the statistics seriously. 健康：所有類型的癌症發病率正在飆升；儘管許多專家呼籲將這種情形與環境因素聯繫起來；政府卻堅持如果不能證明兩者之間的關連性，就不願意重視這個問題。 Politics: Democracy in Taiwan, having made major strides in the 1990s has deteriorated to the point that elected representatives openly admit representing the interests of major conglomerates for whom they shamelessly peddle influence, and when they don’t get their way, threaten government agencies with budget cuts. 政治：在1990年代邁出重大步伐的台灣民主，已經惡化到了一種地步，那就是被選出的代表們公開承認，他們代表著財團的利益，並且無恥地替這些財團發揮他們身為代表的影響力，當他們不能稱心如意的時候，就會威脅要削減政府機構的預算。 These are but a few examples of the strains on Taiwan’s environment, society and politics, challenges which led the World Economic Forum in 2005 to place Taiwan at 145 out of 146 countries on its Environmental Sustainability Index, and which led Taiwan’s former minister of the environment to note that living at today’s standards, Taiwan would require an area of 28.8 times our present size to be self sufficient. 以上這些只是台灣所面臨的環境、社會、政治的幾個例子，因此在2005年世界經濟論壇的環境永續指標之中，台灣列名在146個國家中的第145名；甚至使得台灣的前環境保護署長指出：以目前的生活標準而言，台灣所需要的資源必須超過相當於本身28.8倍的面積，才能自給自足。 This would be bad enough if it only involved Taiwan. 這些很糟，但這不只是跟台灣有關而已 As Taiwan has begun to come to its senses on the social and environmental costs of short-term and short-sighted economic development, and attempted to impose some mechanisms (laws, pricing adjustments, etc.) to bring balance into play, industry has fled abroad to “greener” (i.e., lax environmental and labor standards) fields. Countries like China have been the place of choice. 當台灣開始要認真面對這種由於短視近利的經濟發展所付出的社會與環境成本時，並且試圖要採用一些機制（例如：法律、價格調整之類）來尋求平衡； 產業已經逃向寬鬆的環境與勞動標準的地方。像中國這類的國家已經成為設廠的優先選擇。 Taiwan is currently the largest foreign investor in China. We speak a very similar language, many Taiwanese have close relatives in China and we share a great deal of cultural heritage with the Chinese. It is an easy place for us to do business. 目前台灣是中國的最大外國投資者。我們所說的語言非常相近，許多台灣人的親戚都在中國，而我們共同擁有許多的文化遺產。對我們而言是比較容易做生意的地方。 So, take a look at what has happened to Taiwan’s environment over the last three or four decades, and multiply it by 250 times or so to get an idea of what we might see from China. And here we are speaking from the perspective of politics, social issues and from the perspective of impact on our natural environment. 所以，觀察這三、四十年之間，台灣政治、社會以及對於自然環境的負面影響，再把它放大將近250倍，我們就可以看到中國現在與未來的狀況。 On the other hand, there may be an opportunity here for the very same reasons there is a threat. If Taiwan, with the help of the international community (and we hope this will be the international green community, i.e., the Global Greens) can continue with its own reform of its economic and social values, why shouldn’t these values-as-reformed not be exported to China? The Charter of the Global Greens calls upon nations whose companies invest in foreign countries to use the highest standard of the two countries (i.e., home country and country of investment) in all economic, environmental and labor practices. This is a goal we think worthy of pursuing for China, Vietnam, and other target countries for Taiwan foreign investment. This reflects a deeply rooted ethic of “not doing unto others as you would not have them do unto you.” 另一方面，危機就是轉機。假如台灣，在國際社群的協助下（而我們希望這個社群正是國際的綠色社群，也就是全球綠人）可以持續改善我們本身的各種經濟與社會價值，這些改革之後的價值觀不也應該被傳向中國嗎？全球綠人憲章呼籲，各個國家的境外投資公司，在所有的經濟、環境與勞動措施中，要採用母國與投資國兩者之間的最高標準；我們認為對於中國、越南以及其他的海外投資國家來說，這是一個必須追求的目標。這代表了一種哲學「己所不欲，勿施於人」。 We are inspired by this conference; particular by the opportunity it affords us to link up with the advance guard of green thinkers in the international community. We believe that we can take the ideas and insights gained in this sort of forum back to Taiwan, and if not immediately put them into practice, we will use them to generate discussion and eventually reform. Not only for our own country of Taiwan, but also for other countries in the region. 這次的會議不但激勵我們，而且提供給我們一個和國際社群中進步的綠色思想者產生連結的機會。我們相信我們可以把在這系列會議中所獲得的觀念與洞見，帶回台灣；就算不能立刻付諸實踐，我們也將會帶回去產生討論，並且推動社會的改變。不只是為了我們自己的國家，也是為了亞太地區的其他國家。 We see the future of green movements as a straightforward proposition: getting the world back to sustainability. That deceptively simple concept was elegantly defined in the 1987 report to the United Nations, “Our Common Future”, and in 2003 Taiwan passed a law incorporating the definition verbatim. 我們可以把綠色運動的未來，看作是一個簡短的命題：讓世界回歸永續。這簡單的概念是在1987年的聯合國報告「我們共同的未來」中所定義的，而在2003年時，台灣通過了環境基本法，也將此定義納入其中。 Our focus then, should be on “needs” rather than “wants”, and how we can satisfy these needs in a manner consistent with intergenerational and interspecies justice. 在未來我們的焦點應該是放在「需求」而非「欲望」之上，以及我們要如何在符合跨世代與跨物種的正義之下，滿足這些需求。 We believe in the people of Taiwan, as we believe in people around the world: having all the necessary and relevant information and having the opportunity to fully and meaningfully participate, we will do the right thing and we will find our way back to sustainability. Thank you again. 我們相信台灣的人民，正如我們相信世界各地的人民，若能擁有所有必要的與相關的資訊，也擁有機會去充分而實質地參與；我們將會做出正確的事情，而且我們將會找出一條回歸永續的道路。再次謝謝各位。 São Paulo, Brazil 3 May 2008 英文講稿：文魯彬 中文翻譯小組：林震洋、李涵茹、李宣衡、崔愫欣。 演講簡報製作：張傳佳     |
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