壓迫時，可以運用得更有效，並且也可以減少傷亡。

At present, people living under a dictatorship or other severe
oppression have few adequate choices as to how they can liberate
themselves.

目前，生活在一個獨裁政權或其他嚴厲壓迫的人民，對他們要如何才能解放自己，很少有足夠的選擇。

A popular election to bring about the major change required for a more
democratic and free political society is usually not available, is
rigged, or its results will be falsified or ignored.

欲藉經由一個普通的選舉而帶來一個更民主和自由之政治社會的重大改變，通常是不存在的、是被操縱的，或其結果也將被偽造或被置之不理的。

Violent rebellion, including guerrilla warfare and terrorism, usually
produces crushing repression, massive casualties, defeat, and, even if
“successful,” a stronger dictatorship.

暴力叛亂，包括游擊隊的戰爭和恐怖主義，通常會產生摧毀性的鎮壓、重大傷亡、挫敗，甚至，如果行動「成功」，反而導致一個更強大的獨裁政權。

A coup d’etat usually will fail, or simply install new individuals or a clique in the old positions.

政變行動通常會失敗，或者單純只是在舊的位置上任命新的個人或集團。

Gradual evolution may take decades, and may be halted or reversed, perhaps more than once.

逐步改革演變可能需要數十年，也許可能不止一次被中斷或倒退。

In contemplating how to achieve liberation from oppression no one
should assume that an easy way to do this exists. To the contrary,
planning and implementation of effective action to lift oppression is
always extremely difficult. Furthermore, it is most unlikely that
liberation can be achieved without casualties. It should be remembered
that any attempt by whatever means to remove a system of oppression may
be met with severe repression.

在仔細思考如何達到從壓迫中得到解放，任何人都不應該假設，存在著一個簡單的方法可以完成這個工作。相反的，規劃和執行有效的行動以解除壓迫總是非常困難的。甚且，要實現解放而沒有傷亡幾乎是不可能的。應該要記得，任何試圖使用各種方法來推翻壓迫的體制，可能會遇到嚴重的鎮壓。

When facing the reality of extreme oppression and likely harsh
repression, very often individuals, resistance groups, and most
governments retain confidence only in military action to conduct the
conflict. This is despite evidence that very often the consequences of
using violent forms of conflict are disastrous. Regimes of oppression
are usually well equipped to wage extreme violent repression.

面對極端壓迫和可能殘酷鎮壓的現實，時常有個人、抵抗的團體及大部分的政府仍然相信只有軍事行動可以處理衝突。儘管證據顯示，在衝突中使用暴力形式，其後果往往是災難性的。壓迫的政權通常擁有良好裝備，可以啟動極端的暴力鎮壓。

Sometimes, people wanting greater freedom lose confidence that they can
liberate themselves. They may even place their hopes in strong foreign
military intervention. That option has grave disadvantages:

有時候，希望擁有更大自由的人民對可以自我解放失去信心。他們甚至可能對強大的外國軍事干預寄以厚望。這種選項具有致命的缺點：

A foreign government may use the problem of a dictatorship in another
country as an excuse for military intervention that is actually
intended to achieve different, less noble, objectives.

外國政府可能會利用一個獨裁政權的問題，作為在另外一個國家內進行軍事干預的藉口，而實際上是企圖實現不同、但不是那麼高尚的目標。

Even if foreign government initially has altruistic motives to
intervene in such cases, as the conflict develops the intervening
government is likely to discover that other more self-serving
objectives are becoming open to them. These may include control of
economic resources or establishment of military bases.

在這種情況下，即使外國政府初期也有利他的動機而進行干預，隨著衝突的發展，進行干預的政府可能會發現其他更自私自利的目的而發展成為他們的機會。這其中可能包括對經濟資源的控制或建立軍事基地。

A government with enough military capacity to remove a strong system of
oppression in another country is usually powerful enough later to
impose its own objectives. This can happen even when the objectives are
unwanted by the “liberated” population.

一個有足夠軍事力量、可以在另一個國家移除壓迫的體制，通常會有足夠的強大能力，日後強迫加上他們自己的目的。即使這些目的不是「被解放」的人們所想要的，這種情況可能會發生。

In contrast, a realistic self-reliant capacity to end a dictatorship or
other oppression not only addresses the current system of oppression.
That capacity for self-reliant liberation also removes credibility from
a false claim by an intervening government that its objective is to
promote greater freedom or justice when its real objective is quite
different.

相反的，一個務實而能自力更生、可以終結獨裁政權或其他壓迫的能力，不僅是針對現行壓迫的體制。這個自力更生的解放能力，而且可以排除勝利的成果被干預的政府不當地拿走。他們宣稱以增進更多自由或公義為目的、而實際的目的是非常的不同。

What other option for liberation is available?

要解放，有什麼其他選項嗎？

Important spontaneous or improvised nonviolent struggles against
dictatorships and other oppression have occurred in the past. They have
produced varying result: some failures, some successes, and some mixed
consequences.

在過去已經發生過對抗獨裁政權和其他壓迫、重要而自發或臨時反應的非暴力鬥爭。他們產生了不同的結果：有一些是失敗的，有一些是成功的，以及一些兩者兼具的後果。