Review for last week

1. purple host -> Success is counted sweetest

2. Because I could not stop for deat - (" - " 作分開音節或連結用，並訂在句末)

3. Romantic period: individualism + emotionism + humanism

4. Transcendentalism: Thoreau, Hawthorne are followers.

About Walt Whitman

1. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works.

2. meaning of life.

3. 對Trancsendentalism 致敬 <=> Yankee mysticism

4. 浪漫主義中常看見 "splendid"這個字 (講義 P172: 有燦爛或期待之意)

   => Movie: Splendid in the Grass (天涯何處無芳草)

         Natalie Wood, Warren Beatty

5. 標題出自William Wordsworth 的詩 "Though nothing can bring back the hour of spledor in the grass."  -> 逝者已往，來者可追

6. Whitman 這首詩為 free vese,沒有整齊的句型或押尾韻

    => free verse: open form of poem, follow the rhythm of natural speech

    => blank verse

7. 這首詩也是在寫對Amer Lincoln 的哀悼: 

    " When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard bloom'd"

8. Famous work: "O captain! My Captain!"

free verse: 沒押尾韻 repeat phrase,

                             use commas,

                             internal pattern of sounds, choic of exact words

=>象徵主義詩人 Imagism,Herbert Read, Ezra Pound

blank verse: 有押尾韻  Blank verse is poetry written in regular metrical but unrhymed lines, almost always iambic pentameters.

heroic couplet 兩行一組，一行中一句押尾韻 Commonly used in epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of lines in iambic pentameter.

movie :  Dead poets scoiety (春風化雨)

            " oh captain, my captain" 有出現

            "Fallen cold and dead"一句不斷出現

             "O the bleeding drops of red" Lincoln被暗殺 (Lincoln: Black horse黑馬之姿)

=> 把mission 視為船旅-->船長死了-->南北戰爭結束浪漫主義

Elegy輓歌: mournful, melanchoic, a lament for the dead

movie: Four weddings and a funeral

=> "Funeral Blues" by Wystan Hugh Auden 也是一種free verse

Modernism 

1. Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

2. Modernism also rejected the certainty of Enlightenment thinking, and many modernists rejected religious belief.

"April is the cruelest month of the year" 出自T.S Eliot的 "The Waste Land"

 * Licas 紫丁香花四月開，悼念Licoln 

 * 蘇東坡- 十年生死雨茫茫，料得年年斷腸處

Realism and Revolt

About Henry James

1. He is regarded as one of the key figures of 19th-century literary realism.

2. His method of writing from the point of view of a character within a tale allows him to explore issues related to consciousness and perception, and his style in later works has been compared to impressionist painting.

About Stephen Crane

1. Prolific throughout his short life, he wrote notable works in the Realist tradition as well as early examples of American Naturalism and Impressionism.

2. He is recognized by modern critics as one of the most innovative writers of his generation.

About Mark Twain

1. He wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), the latter often called "the Great American Novel".

2. He later became a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River before heading west to join Orion in Nevada.

realism, naturalism => movie: 少年PI的奇幻漂流  /  The open boat

About Emily Dickinson

1. private life 

2. 對初夜的恐懼 "Anarrow fellow in the grass"

    名詞大寫是德語的殘留

    close at your feet 河水氾濫，東西靠近

    boy and barefoot => 酒神(肥沃之神) Bionycias 的象徵 -> 淫慾的象徵

    whip 鞭子 -> 蛇

    wrinkle => phallic symbol

    zero at the bone有兩種意義

    1. 冷到骨子裡的害怕(feel thrill)

    2. 蛇沒有骨頭 (bone shape of snake)               

3. 人生有去有回 (人的三個狀態)

Cap- need

example: captain

               Capital