Chapter 11 Filmmaking Technologies and Production Systems

- pixel （Wikipedia)

In digital imaging, a pixel, pel,^[1] dots or picture element^[2] is a physical point in a raster image, or the smallest addressable element in an all points addressable display device; so it is the smallest controllable element of a picture represented on the screen. 

- The costs of the preproduction stage, the producer, director, cast, and the screenwriter are called below-the-line costs, while the cost of production, postproduction, and the crew are called above-the-line cost. 

- film stock (Wikipedia)

Film stock is an analog medium that is used for recording motion pictures or animations. It is a strip or sheet of transparent plastic film basecoated on one side with a gelatin emulsion containing microscopically small light-sensitive silver halide crystals. The sizes and other characteristics of the crystals determine the sensitivity, contrast and resolution of the film.

- The independent system of production during the 1930s and 1940s was called the package-unit system and was run by a producer who was unaffiliated with a studio.