前一陣子剛好聽到一個演講,其中一段是有關於如何思考的問題,講者以達爾文婚前的自我分析例來說明開拓性思考(Divergence thinking)與 匯集思考(Convergence thinking)的差異性,以及隨時培養開拓性思考能力的重要性。
以前聽過種種想要結婚的理由:時間到了,家長因素,人云亦云,走前人走過的路。但是,很少聽到有那幾對夫妻在婚前認真思考過婚姻這一件事情對他們未來人生的影響性。而在19世紀,達爾文已經知道認真思考婚姻對他未來人生所帶來的便與不便,認真思考後,他選擇結婚。
或許,我們的教育方式有問題,在我們的家庭、學校、社會教育體系填鴨式的學習模式讓小孩沒有思考能力,只有背誦能力,隨人起舞的能力,遇到人生的障礙,不知道換個角度想想依然海闊天空,只是一味地執著他所認定的道路走。連同結婚這個大事,也是依照前人(父母)走過的路去走。
或許有一天,我們會去思考婚姻是什麼一回事?為何需要(不需要)婚姻?選擇婚姻後,如何面對婚姻生活?以及,選擇單身,又如何安排自己單身的生活呢?
以下的原文是由darwin-online.org.uk所轉貼而來,若需要看其他的內容,請自行連結。
http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1497&viewtype=text&pageseq=1
NOTE THREE
The pencil notes of 1837-38:
"This is the Question"
THE FOLLOWING notes in Charles Darwin's hand were hurriedly scrawled in pencil on scraps of paper; one is on a letter addressed to him whilst he was living at 36 Great Marlborough Street. The writing of the notes must therefore have been in one of the years 1837 or '38. He was married to Emma Wedgwood on January 29th, 1839. How these youthful questionings escaped destruction cannot now be known. Perhaps they fell into the hands of Emma herself?
Work finished | | Work finished |
If not marry TRAVEL? Europe— Yes? America???? If I travel it must be exclusively geological — United States — Mexico. Depend upon health and vigour and how far I become zoological. If I don't travel—Work at transmission of Species—microscope—simplest forms of life—Geology—Oldest formations?? Some experiments—physiolo- | | If marry—means limited— Feel duty to work for money. London life, nothing but Society, no country, no tours, no large Zoolog: collect., no books. — Cambridge Professorship, either Geolog: or Zoolog:—comply with all above requisites—I couldn't systematize zoologically so well. But better than hibernating in country—and where? Better even than near London country |
gical observations on lower animals. (B). Live in London—for where else possible—in small house near Regents Park—keep horses—take Summer tours collect specimens some line of Zoolog: speculations of Geograph: range and geological general works—systematize and study affinities. | | house—I could not indolently take country house and do nothing— Could I live in London like a prisoner? If I were moderately rich I would live in London, with pretty big house and do as (B)—but could I act thus with children and poor—? No— Then where live in country near London; better; but great obstacles to science and poverty. Then Cambridge, better, but fish out of water, not being Professor and poverty. Then Cambridge Professorship,—and make best of it—do duty as such and work at spare times—My destiny will be Camb. Prof. or poor man; outskirts of London—some small square etc.—and work as well as I can. I have so much more pleasure in direct observation, that I could not go on as Lyell does, correcting and adding up new information to old train, and I do not see what line can be followed by man tied down to London.—In country—experiment and observations on lower animals,—more space— |
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The second paper is headed:—This is the Question
MARRY | | Not MARRY |
Children—(if it please God)— constant companion, (friend in | | No children, (no second life) no one to care for one in old age.— |
old age) who will feel interested in one, object to be beloved and played with—better than a dog anyhow—Home, and someone to take care of house—Charms of music and female chit-chat. These things good for one's health. Forced to visit and receive relations but terrible loss of time. My God, it is intolerable to think of spending one's whole life, like a neuter bee, working, working and nothing after all.— No, no won't do.— Imagine living all one's day solitarily in smoky dirty London House.—Only picture to yourself a nice soft wife on a sofa with good fire, and books and music perhaps—compare this vision with the dingy reality of Grt Marlboro' St. Marry—Marry—Marry Q.E.D. | | What is the use of working without sympathy from near and dear friends—who are near and dear friends to the old except relatives. Freedom to go where one liked —Choice of Society and little of it. Conversation of clever men at clubs.— Not forced to visit relatives, and to bend in every trifle—to have the expense and anxiety of children—perhaps quarrelling. Loss of time—cannot read in the evenings—fatness and idleness —anxiety and responsibility— less money for books etc—if many children forced to gain one's bread.—(But then it is very bad for one's health to work too much) Perhaps my wife won't like London; then the sentence is banishment and degradation with indolent idle fool— |
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On the reverse side of the page comes the summing up
It being proved necessary to marry—When? Soon or Late. The Governor says soon for otherwise bad if one has children—one's character is more flexible—one's feelings more lively, and if one does not marry soon, one misses so much good pure happiness.—
But then if I married tomorrow: there would be an infinity of trouble and expense in getting and furnishing a house,—fighting about no Society—morning calls—awkwardness—loss of time every day—(without one's wife was an angel and made one keep industrious)—Then how should I manage all my business if I were obliged to go every day walking with my wife.—Eheu!! I never should know French,—or see the Continent,—or go to America, or go up in a Balloon, or take solitary trip in Wales—poor slave, you will be worse than a negro—And then horrid poverty (without one's wife was better than an angel and had money)—Never mind my boy—Cheer up—One cannot live this solitary life, with groggy old age, friendless and cold and childless staring one in one's face, already beginning to wrinkle. Never mind, trust to chance—keep a sharp look out.—There is many a happy slave—