前面貼了一篇有關於「擴大器的量測標準」的資訊；其實，發問的人在問這『擴大器的量測標準』的問題之前的問題是由『喇叭及揚聲器的量測標準』開始的。
而這「喇叭及揚聲器的量測標準」的問題是比較稍微複雜，比較難回答。
難在於，這「喇叭及揚聲器的量測標準」往前延伸又牽涉了研發、製造生產、與出廠前的QC及 測試量度的那個部分。這是牽涉到很深很廣的。
如果把這「喇叭及揚聲器的量測標準」的問題設定於一般的銷售、系統裝配、系統測試調音，就能稍微簡單化。
............
抱歉！正在抓取資料及彙集中......
敬請等待...
20120103 ↓ → 20130201 ↓
※ 註：我不知道這些網址的路徑是否有效，先貼上來試了就知道。如果，連結失效了，就請您自己尋找吧。
先到可能有標準的官方組織機構之官方網站去查看：
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ALMA International
( Association of Loudspeaker Manufacturing & Acoustics International ) http://www.almainternational.org/
研發與製造喇叭單體的可造訪 ALMA International 的網頁
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ALMA Standards http://www.almainternational.org/standards
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ALMA Papers Library http://www.almainternational.org/library
在 ALMA Papers Library 網頁內有些資料可下載，或許，有些是您有興趣的。
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CEA-426-B (formerly named EIA-426B) Loudspeaker Power Rating Test CD
http://www.almainternational.org/cea-426-b-power-rating-test-cd
『The CEA-426-B (formerly named EIA-426-B) Loudspeaker Power Rating Test CD was developed by leaders in the loudspeaker industry as a companion to the CEA-426-B (EIA-426-B) standard, “Loudspeakers, Optimum Amplifier Power (April 1998).” The CD contains the calibration and test signals for all the tests defined in the standard and outlines the procedures to make best use of the disk in setting power ratings of loudspeakers and the amplifiers that drive them. The CD is intended to improve the consistency and convenience of the standard.
CD Contents:
calibration, life test and compression test signals
pure tones for distortion tests
shaped tone bursts
The CD costs just $50 for members and $100 for non-members.
The standard and the CD are 2 different entities. ALMA has no control over the standard.
The CEA-426-B (EIA-426-B) Test CD is owned and copyrighted by ALMA , however the CEA-426-B (EIA-426-B) Standard is owned and copyrighted by the Consumer electronics Association (CEA) and licensed to IHS/Global for distribution. Unless you purchase a multi-user license, the document you purchase is a per user license. The file is electronically locked to only be viewed on the computer it was originally opened on and only printed once.
Please note that since this CD was manufactured and re-named CEA-426-B R-2005 (ANSI), the change is in name only. This CD is still appropriate for these tests. 』
請注意：在要使用這片測試 CD 片內的測試訊號去作測試之前，請先詳讀：
1. 測試片內頁的說明
2. 標準： CEA-426-B (EIA-426-B)
3. 網頁 「EIA-426-B 標準簡介 作者：董校庭」 http://3y.uu456.com/bp-630676d63186bceb19e8bbc1-2.html
AES ( Audio Engineering Society ) http://www.aes.org/
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Publications_Standards_Standards In Print http://www.aes.org/publications/standards/
↑這裡有 AES 所有的標準 ( Standard ) 與推薦 ( Recommended ) 的簡介與單獨的超連結。
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AES2-1984 (r2003): AES Recommended Practice -- Specification of loudspeaker components used in professional audio and sound reinforcement
http://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=12
『Printing Date: 1999-03-19
Publication History: Pub. 1984
Abstract: This document is a recommended practice for describing and specifying loudspeaker components used in professional audio and sound-reinforcement systems. These components include high-frequency drivers, high- and mid- frequency horns, low-frequency drivers, and low-frequency enclosures. For drivers, specifications are given for describing frequency response, impedance, distortion, and power handling. For horns and enclosures, specifications are given for describing directional characteristics and additional pertinent performance data. For all components, specifications as are given for describing necessary physical and mechanical characteristics, such as hardware, mounting data, size, and weight. Appendices supporting the text give guidelines for making proper free-field measurements, sizing of baffles for low-frequency measurements, a method for producing the specified noise signal used in power testing, and a summary of required information. The ANSI version is withdrawn. It had been available as S4.26-1984 (14 pages) 』
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AES19-1992 (w2003): AES-ALMA standard test method for audio engineering — Measurement of the lowest resonance frequency of loudspeaker cones. (Withdrawn: 2003)
http://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=23
『Printing Date: 1999-03-05
Publication History: Pub. 1992 Withdrawn: 2003
Abstract: This standard test method is intended to determine the frequency of lowest resonance of a loudspeaker cone. Such information is used for engineering design and for quality control. The method has been developed to improve correlation of measurement between cone manufacturers and loudspeaker manufacturers. Note: this standard, although withdrawn as an AES document, will continue to be maintained by ALMA International. The ANSI version is also withdrawn. It had been available as S4.30-1992 (7 pages) 』
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AES20-1996 (r2007): AES recommended practice for professional audio — Subjective evaluation of loudspeakers
http://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=24
『Printing Date: 2008-02-19
Publication History: Pub. 1996; reaffirmed 2002; reaffirmed 2007; Stabilized 2008-09-22
Abstract: This Standard is a set of recommendations for subjective evaluation of high-performance loudspeaker systems. It is believed that, for certain audio components including loudspeakers, subjective evaluation is a necessary adjunct to objective measurements. The strong influence of listening conditions, program material and of individual evaluators is recognized. This document seeks, therefore, to assist in avoiding testing errors rather than to attempt to establish a correct procedure. (21 pages) 』
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AES56-2008: AES standard on acoustics - Sound source modeling - Loudspeaker polar radiation measurements
http://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=72
『Printing Date: 2009-03-10
Publication History: Pub. 2008; Addenda 2009-03-10
Abstract: This standard describes how the measurements of loudspeaker polar radiation data shall be made and documented. This acquired data is suitable for application in room acoustic, electro-acoustic, and sound system predictions, and loudspeaker data sheets. 』
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AES-1id-1991 (r2003): AES Information Document -- Plane wave tubes: design and practice
http://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=1
『Printing Date: 2003-06-29
Publication History: Pub. 1991
Abstract: The AES Recommended Practice -- Specification of Loudspeaker Components used in Professional Audio and Sound Reinforcement, in its 2.2.1 calls for the use of plane-wave tube measurement of horn drivers. Because many variations and results are possible, depending on the details of construction of plane-wave tubes, this document discusses those variations for the purpose of encouraging further experimentation. (10 pages) 』
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AES-5id-1997 (r2009): AES information document for Room acoustics and sound reinforcement systems -- Loudspeaker modeling and measurement -- Frequency and angular resolution for measuring, presenting and predicting loudspeaker polar data
http://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=5
『Printing Date: 2009-07-22
Publication History: Pub. 1997; Reaffirmed 2003, Reaffirmed 2009
Abstract: This document provides guidelines for measuring, presenting and predicting polar data from a single acoustic source or from an array of acoustic sources. It describes and quantifies measurement resolution, presentation resolution, prediction techniques and measurement environments. The information presented here is based on objective measurements and does not take subjective or psychoacoustic criteria into account. (27 pages) 』
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AES-6id-2006 (r2011): AES information document for digital audio - Personal computer audio quality measurements
http://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=6
『Printing Date: 2011-10-05
Publication History: Pub. 2000; Revised 2006; Reaffirmed 2011
Abstract: This document focuses on the measurement of audio quality specifications in a PC environment. Each specification listed has a definition and an example measurement technique. Also included is a detailed description of example test setups to measure each specification.
There have been many improvements in PC audio since the original AES-6id document was published. This revision of AES-6id-2000 includes substantial updates that reflect the improvements in the PC sound sub-system, as well as some updates based on many real world measurements. (48 pages) 』
CEA ( Consumer Electronics Association ) http://www.ce.org/
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Standard Listings http://www.ce.org/Standards/Standard-Listings.aspx
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R3 Audio Systems http://www.ce.org/Standards/Standard-Listings/R3-Audio-Systems.aspx
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CEA-CEB19 Recommended Loudspeaker Safety Practices
http://www.ce.org/Standards/Standard-Listings/R3-Audio-Systems/CEA-CEB19.aspx
『CEA-CEB19
Standards Details
Title: Recommended Loudspeaker Safety Practices
Document Number: CEA-CEB19
Description: This document is intended to provide a guide to manufacturers wishing to test their loudspeaker products and components for the existence of specific safety concerns. Loudspeaker specifications and tests that relate to specific safety issues are provided for consideration but may not be inclusive. Accordingly, this document cannot be used as the ultimate standard for loudspeaker safety. These guidelines should be used in conjunction with the manufacturer’s own safety specifications and testing program or may form the basis of a safety specifications and testing program if none is actively in place. 』
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CEA-426-B R-2011 (ANSI) Loudspeaker, Optimum Amplifier Power
http://www.ce.org/Standards/Standard-Listings/R3-Audio-Systems/CEA-426-B-R-2011.aspx
『CEA-426-B R-2011 (ANSI)
Standards Details
Title: Loudspeaker, Optimum Amplifier Power
Document Number: CEA-426-B R-2011 (ANSI)
Description: This standard defines test methods and criteria of acceptability for testing the performance of a loudspeaker or loudspeaker system designed for consumer use within defined limits in the areas of power compression, harmonic distortion, and accelerated life testing, when operated at or below the optimum amplifier power. 』
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CEA-2010-A (ANSI) Standard Method of Measurement for Powered Subwoofers
http://www.ce.org/Standards/Standard-Listings/R3-Audio-Systems/CEA-2010-%28ANSI%29.aspx
『CEA-2010-A (ANSI)
Standards Details
Title: Standard Method of Measurement for Powered Subwoofers
Document Number: CEA-2010-A (ANSI)
Description: This standard defines a method for measuring the audio performance of powered subwoofers. 』
IEC ( International Electrotechnical Commission ) http://www.iec.ch
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Standards development_How we work_Technical Committees & Subcommittees_IEC TC/SCs_List of IEC Technical Committees and Subcommittees http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:6:0::::FSP_LANG_ID:25
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Standards development_How we work_Technical Committees & Subcommittees_TC 29 Dashboard_TC 29 Electroacoustics
TC 29 Electroacoustics http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:22:0::::FSP_ORG_ID:1301
在 TC 29 Electroacoustics 標準網頁內的標準，大多數是有關於音壓表 (聲壓計) 及麥克風與測試麥克風的標準。
Standards development_How we work_Technical Committees & Subcommittees_TC 100 Dashboard_TC 100_Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment
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TC 100 Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment http://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:22:0::::FSP_ORG_ID:1297
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IEC Standard IEC 60268-5 Sound System Equipment, Part 5: Loudspeakers http://webstore.iec.ch/webstore/webstore.nsf/artnum/038336!opendocument
『Reference: IEC 60268-5 ed3.1 Consol. with am1
Title: Sound system equipment - Part 5: Loudspeakers
Publication date: 2007-09-11
Abstract: It applies to sound system loudspeakers, treated entirely as passive elements. Loudspeakers with built-in amplifiers are excluded This consolidated version of IEC 60268-5 consists of the third edition (2003) [documents 100/648/FDIS and 100/674/RVD] and its amendment 1 (2007) [documents 100/1189/CDV and 100/1245/RVC]. The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendment(s) and has been prepared for user convenience. It bears the edition number 3.1. A vertical line in the margin shows where the base publication has been modified by amendment 1.
Technical Committee: 100 - Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment
ICS Codes: 33.160.50 Accessories *Including headphones, loudspeakers, microphones, etc.
Stability date: 2012
Work in progress:
Project: IEC 60268-5 Amd.1 fF Ed.3
Stage code: BPUB
Forecast publication date: 2013-03-01 』
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IEC Standard IEC 60268-13: Sound system equipment. Part 13: Listening tests on loudspeakers http://webstore.iec.ch/webstore/webstore.nsf/artnum/022890!opendocument
『Reference： IEC/TR 60268-13 ed2.0
Title: Sound system equipment - Part 13: Listening tests on loudspeakers
Publication date: 1998-03-11
Abstract: Gives recommendations for establishing, conducting and evaluating listening tests on loudspeakers, as well as general guidelines.
Technical Committee: 100 - Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment
ICS Codes: 33.160.50 Accessories *Including headphones, loudspeakers, microphones, etc.
Stability date: 2026 』
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IEC Standard IEC/TR 61305-6: Household high-fidelity audio equipment and systems - Methods of measuring and specifying the performance - Part 6: Listening tests on loudspeakers - Single stimulus ratings and paired comparisons http://webstore.iec.ch/webstore/webstore.nsf/artnum/034093!opendocument
『Reference: IEC/TR 61305-6 ed1.0
Title: Household high-fidelity audio equipment and systems - Methods of measuring and specifying the performance - Part 6: Listening tests on loudspeakers - Single stimulus ratings and paired comparisons
Publication date: 2005-05-03
Abstract: Applies to loudspeakers conforming to IEC 61305-5 and intended for home use to establish standards for comparison of the sound characteristics of various loudspeakers with each other. Two test procedures are described: single stimulus ratings; paired comparisons.
Technical Committee: 100 - Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment
ICS Codes: 33.160.50 Accessories *Including headphones, loudspeakers, microphones, etc. 17.140.99 Other standards related to acoustics
Stability date: 2023 』
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IEC Standard IEC 62458 Sound System Equipment – Electroacoustic Transducers - Measurement of Large Signal Parameters http://webstore.iec.ch/webstore/webstore.nsf/artnum/043728!opendocument
『Reference: IEC 62458 ed1.0
Title: Sound system equipment - Electroacoustical transducers - Measurement of large signal parameters
Publication date: 2010-01-27
Abstract: IEC 62458:2010(E) applies to transducers such as loudspeaker drive units, loudspeaker systems, headphones, micro-speakers, shakers and other actuators using either an electro-dynamical or electro-magnetic motor coupled with a mechanical suspension. The large signal behaviour of the transducer is modelled by a lumped parameter model considering dominant nonlinearities such as force factor, stiffness and inductance. It defines the basic terms and parameters of the model, the methods of measurements and the way the results should be reported. It cancels and replaces IEC/PAS 62458 published in 2006. It constitutes a technical revision. The main changes are:
- descriptions of the methods of measurement are adjusted to the state of the technology;
- addition of Clauses 4 to 15;
- integration of Annex A in the main body of the standard;
- overall textual review.
Technical Committee: 100 - Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment
ICS Codes: 33.160.50 Accessories *Including headphones, loudspeakers, microphones, etc.
Stability date: 2015 』
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IEC Standard IEC62459 Sound System Equipment – Electro-acoustic Transducers - Measurement of Suspension Parts http://webstore.iec.ch/webstore/webstore.nsf/artnum/043729!opendocument
『Reference: IEC 62459 ed1.0
Title: Sound system equipment - Electroacoustical transducers - Measurement of suspension parts
Publication date: 2010-01-27
Abstract: IEC 62459:2010(E) applies to the suspension parts of electroacoustic transducers (for example, loudspeakers). It defines the parameters and measurement method to determine the properties of suspension parts like spiders, surrounds, diaphragms or cones before being assembled in the transducer. The measurement results are needed for engineering design purposes and for quality control. Furthermore, this method is intended to improve the correlation of measurements between suspension-part manufacturers and loudspeaker manufacturers. The measurement methods provide parameters based on linear and nonlinear modelling of the suspension part and uses both static and dynamic techniques. It cancels and replaces IEC/PAS 62459 published in 2006. It constitutes a technical revision. The main changes are:
- descriptions of the methods of measurement are adjusted to the state of the technology;
- addition of Clauses 5 to 13;
- integration of Annex A in the main body of the standard;
- overall textual review.
Technical Committee: 100 - Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment
ICS Codes: 33.160.50 Accessories *Including headphones, loudspeakers, microphones, etc.
Stability date: 2015 』
別的官方組織機構可能也會有有關於「喇叭及揚聲器的量測標準」的標準，我想，目前應該足夠了。
抱歉！我沒去 ISO 瀏覽；因為 ISO 的網頁對於我稍微複雜了些，也或許是我不熟悉吧。
未完…待續…
字體：小 中 大
