玩偶 大觀園
There is a big misunderstanding about dolls. They aren’t just for girls, but rather they are for everyone and can even help define a culture. The oldest dolls were made of simple wooden paddles and were found in Egyptian tombs dating back to as early as 2000 BC. Over time, dolls gradually changed, with their limbs becoming movable and materials like clay, ivory, and porcelain being used in their creation. The Barbie doll is simply a modern version of those older dolls. Nearly every American girl owns or has played with one, but this still doesn’t mean that dolls are only for girls. Voodoo dolls, for example, come from Haiti and are used to practice folk magic. Russian nesting dolls, or Matryoshka dolls, are a symbol of Russian culture. Corn husk dolls belong to Native Americans and are one of America’s traditional links to the culture.
中譯
人們對娃娃有很大的誤解。它們不是只屬於女生,而是屬於大家的玩偶,它們甚至有助於解釋文化的特色。最古老的娃娃是由簡易的木槳所製,而且是在追溯至西元前兩千年那麼早的埃及墳墓裡被發現的。慢慢地,娃娃逐漸改變,它們的四肢變得可以活動,像黏土、象牙、以及瓷這樣的材料都被用來做娃娃。芭比娃娃就是那些比較古老的娃娃的現代版。幾乎每個美國女生都擁有或玩過芭比娃娃,但這依然不代表洋娃娃只是專屬女生的玩偶。比方說,巫毒娃娃來自海地且被用來施行民間巫術。俄羅斯套娃是俄羅斯文化的一種象徵。玉米皮娃娃是印地安人的娃娃,而且也是美國與該文化的傳統連結之一。
生活必備字詞:
1. understanding [͵ʌndɚˋstændɪŋ] n. 了解;理解;領會;認識; 諒解;協議
misunderstanding [ˋmɪsʌndɚˋstændɪŋ] n. 誤解﹐誤會; 爭執; 不和
I doubt whether he had any real understanding of Shakespeare.
(我懷疑他是否真正理解莎士比亞的作品。)
We came to an understanding after the argument.
(經過爭辯以後,我們達成了諒解。)
We had a little misunderstanding with our neighbors last night.
(昨天晚上我們和鄰居發生了一點小爭執。)
There is a big misunderstanding about dolls.
(人們對娃娃有很大的誤解。)
2. doll [dɑl] n. [C] 玩偶,洋娃娃; 美貌卻不聰明的女人 dolls
The little girl is playing with a doll.(小女孩正在玩洋娃娃。)
3. define [dɪˋfaɪn] vt. 解釋,給……下定義; 確定…的界線;使…的輪廓分明
define - defined - defined - defining
They aren’t just for girls, but rather they are for everyone and can even help define a culture.
(它們不是只屬於女生,而是屬於大家的玩偶,它們甚至有助於解釋文化的特色。)
4. paddle [ˋpæd!] n. [C] 槳; 槳狀物;攪棒;桌球球拍 paddles
5. Egypt [ˋidʒɪpt] n. 埃及
Egyptian [ɪˋdʒɪpʃən] a. 埃及的 n. [C] 埃及人;古代埃及語 Egyptians
6. tomb [tum] n. [C] 墓; 墓碑; 墳地; 葬身之地 tombs
We visited the tomb of Shakespeare.(我們參觀了莎士比亞的墓。)
The sea was his tomb.(他葬身大海。)
7. date back to 起源, 追溯...
date - dated - dated - dating
The castle dates back to the 14th century.(此城堡起源於十四世紀。)
The oldest dolls were found in Egyptian tombs dating back to as early as 2000 BC.
(最古老的娃娃是在追溯至西元前兩千年那麼早的埃及墳墓裡被發現的。)
8. limb [lɪm] limbs
n. [C] 肢; 臂; 腳; 翼;
大樹枝,主枝; (建築物等的)突出部,延伸部分; 分支;執行者,代理人
He stood up and stretched his limbs.
(他站起來,伸了伸胳膊和腿。)
He cut the dead limbs off the tree.(他將樹上的枯枝砍去。)
A policeman is a limb of the law.(警察是執法人員。)
9. movable [ˋmuvəb!] a. 可動的,可移動的 n. 【律】動產
toy soldiers with movable arms and legs(手腳活動的玩具兵)
10. clay [kle] n.[U] 黏土;泥土
We make bricks from clay.(我們用泥土製磚。)
11. ivory [ˋaɪvərɪ]
n. 象牙(質)[U]
[C often plural 常用複數] 象牙製品〔尤指小型人像或動物像〕 ivories
an ivory chess set (一副象牙國際象棋)
a collection of Chinese ivories (中國象牙製品藏品)
12. porcelain [ˋpɔrslɪn] n. [U] 瓷;(總稱)瓷器
antique pottery and porcelain(陶瓷古玩)
13. version [ˋvɝʒən] n. [C] versions
n. 譯文; 譯本 [(+of)]
n. (某人或從某角度對事物的)一種描述, 說法 [(+of)]
n. (一事物的)變化形式, 變體 [(+of)]
n. (文藝作品的)改編形式; 改寫本; 經改編的樂曲 [(+of)]
n. (同一作品的不同)版本 [(+of)]
The Barbie doll is simply a modern version of those older dolls.
(芭比娃娃就是那些比較古老的娃娃的現代版。)
14. folk [fok]
n.(某一民族,種族或社會階層中的)廣大成員;……人 [ the folk ]
n. 人們;(可用作稱呼)各位 [P]該詞只用複數形 folks
They are the best folks on earth.(他們是世上最好的人。)
n.【口】家屬,親屬;雙親 [P]該詞只用複數形 folks
I write regularly to my folks.(我定期寫信回家給我父母。)
a. 民間的,民眾的,通俗的
It is often used as folk medicine to cure snake bites.
(它常被用作治療蛇咬傷的民間藥物。)
15. nest [nɛst]
n. [C] 巢; 窩; 穴; (大小依次套疊的)一套物件 nests
vt. 使…入巢; 為…築巢; 把(物件)按大小順序套疊在一起
vi. 築巢; 巢居; (物體)相互套疊
nest - nested - nested - nesting
A bird lays eggs in the nest it has built.
(鳥將蛋下在自己所築的巢裡。)
The birds nested in the oak tree.(鳥在橡樹上築巢。)
She nested the glass tumblers in a crate.
(她把玻璃酒杯一個套一個放在箱子裡。)
16. husk [hʌsk] n. [C] 外皮; 殼; 莢; 外皮,無用之物 husks
Brown bread contains the husk of wheat.(黑麵包含有麩皮。)