來看一下2026學測英文考題

第五大題閱讀
In March 2022, the Endurance—the lost vessel of the famed polar explorer Ernest Shackleton—was found in Antarctica, 107 years after it sank. The news made headlines around the world, not only for the incredible achievement of the search team, but because the discovery marked the final chapter in a legendary story of extraordinary courage and perseverance.

On August 4, 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton, along with a skilled crew of 27, set sail on the Endurance toward the South Pole, hoping to make the first land crossing over Antarctica. From Plymouth, UK, the team arrived in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and on November 5 reached South Georgia Island, the last settlement of civilization en route to Antarctica. There, the real challenge began. Two days after leaving South Georgia in December, the Endurance encountered floating ice, and was soon completely trapped in pack ice.

The worthy vessel held up for nine months, drifting down south slowly and then pushed northward by the ice. Gradually, the pressure from the ice buckled the planks. Freezing water rushed in and exacerbated the situation. On October 27, 1915, Shackleton ordered his crew to abandon the ship, pitching tents on the ice a mile and a half away. Weeks later, they watched the Endurance sink beneath the Weddell Sea.

The next five months, the crew camped out on the pack ice as it drifted north, surviving on penguins, seals, and seaweed. Finally, the ice broke up enough for them to escape in lifeboats. For seven days, they sailed more than a hundred miles to the uninhabited Elephant Island. But the crew couldn’t survive long there. So, Shackleton made a dangerous attempt to get help: With five crew members, he sailed 800 miles over 16 days across freezing, stormy seas to South Georgia Island. Then the group hiked for 36 hours across the island to reach a whaling station.

Help was almost at hand, but ice and bad weather hindered their return. On August 30, 1916, Shackleton finally got back to Elephant Island with a ship big enough to rescue the rest of his men. All the members of the expedition team survived, but the Endurance remained lost under the sea until its discovery in 2022.

(1)中文大致說明

這是一篇關於傳奇探險家 歐內斯特·沙克爾頓（Ernest Shackleton） 及其探險船「堅忍號」（Endurance）的閱讀測驗。這段故事在歷史上非常著名，被譽為「最成功的失敗」。

2022年3月，著名極地探險家歐內斯特·沙克爾頓失蹤已久的船隻「堅忍號」，在沉沒107年後於南極洲被發現。這則新聞登上全球頭條，不僅是因為搜尋團隊的驚人成就，更因為這項發現為一段充滿非凡勇氣與毅力的傳奇故事畫下了最終章。

1914年8月4日，沙克爾頓爵士帶著27名技術精湛的船員，駕駛堅忍號前往南極，希望能完成首次橫跨南極大陸的壯舉。團隊從英國普利茅斯出發，抵達阿根廷布宜諾斯艾利斯，並於11月5日到達南喬治亞島（前往南極途中的最後一個人類定居點）。真正的挑戰從那裡開始。12月離開南喬治亞島兩天後，堅忍號遇到了浮冰，隨即完全被困在浮冰群中。

這艘堅固的船撐了九個月，隨冰漂流，先向南慢行，接著被冰推向北方。漸漸地，冰層的壓力壓彎了船板。冰冷的水湧入，使情況惡化（exacerbated the situation）。1915年10月27日，沙克爾頓下令船員棄船，在1.5英里外的冰上紮營。幾週後，他們看著堅忍號沉入了威德爾海（Weddell Sea）。

接下來的五個月，船員們在向北漂移的浮冰上露營，靠吃企鵝、海豹和海苔生存。最後，冰層裂開到足以讓他們划救生艇逃生。他們在海上航行了七天、一百多英里，抵達了荒無人煙的象島（Elephant Island）。但船員在那裡無法生存太久。於是，沙克爾頓進行了一次危險的求救嘗試：他帶領五名船員，駕駛救生艇在冰冷風暴的海面上航行了800英里，耗時16天回到南喬治亞島。接著，這群人徒步橫越該島36小時，才到達一個捕鯨站。

救援就在眼前，但浮冰和惡劣天氣阻礙了他們的行程。1916年8月30日，沙克爾頓終於帶著一艘足以營救其餘隊員的大船回到象島。探險隊的所有成員都倖存了下來，但堅忍號一直沉入海底，直到2022年被發現。

(2)有趣的是筆者在1/15的BLOG中提到Weddell Sea
而第38題考題是問
Which of the following shows the correct route of the Endurance after leaving South Georgia?  (下列哪張圖顯示了堅忍號離開南喬治亞島後的正確路線？)

答案是(A)

因為 1. 離開南喬治亞島後，船向南行駛（南下威德爾海）。 2. 隨後被冰推向北方漂流。 3. 船沉沒後，他們划船往西北方的象島（Elephant Island）。 4. 沙克爾頓再從象島往東北方划回**南喬治亞島（South Georgia）**求援。

圖 (A) 的箭頭完整呈現了「南下受困 -> 北漂沉船 -> 往西至象島 -> 往東回南喬治亞」的環狀/折返路徑。南極半島東側的一個海，有很多冰山在此積聚（前一篇文字有提到，有自己的區域環流）也有冰棚水在此形成

(2)轉貼一下有篇Vernet(2019)的論文是做南極海流Weddell Gyre研究的, 圖一非常清楚畫出小環流的順時針轉動, 不只倚風力的帆船，冰山也會做同樣的繞行!!

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018rg000604?fbclid=IwY2xjawPr9YxleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBzcnRjBmFwcF9pZAEwAAEeLowHHg7HGwK-J1r-dWPybdoub_2ezEYBKrtf6e6gJxHl0WiFgGK5U54mRPA_aem_bAgk7F1lOF2LB6sd8RxVQg