副詞簡介

原文 2010/09/15，修改 2013/10/10

資料參考：Collins COBUILD English Grammar

Uses of Adverbials 副詞的功用：give information about when, how, where, or in what circumstances something happens. 說明動詞發生的時間、狀態、地方、情境等訊息。

Forms of adverbials 副詞的形式，可能有下列數種：

1. an adverb, 副詞，

2. a group of words whose main word is an adverb, or 以副詞為核心的字群，

3. a prepositional phrase. 或是介系詞片語。

4. A few noun groups can also be used as adverbials. 有些名詞字群也可以充當副詞。

Main Types of Adverbials 副詞的大類：manner, aspect, opinion, place, time, frequency, duration, degree, extent, emphasis, focus, and probability.（分述並例示如後。）

各類副詞簡介及例句（紫紅色為副詞部分，藍色為所修飾的對象）

1. Manner (...的樣子; ...地)：to describe the way in which something happens or is done. 描述事情發生或執行的樣貌。

        They looked anxiously at each other.

        He did not play well enough to win.

        She listened with great patience as he told his story.

        I'm going to handle this my way.

2. Aspect (在...方面)：Some ‘-ly’ adverbs make it clear what aspect of something you are talking about. 某些 –ly 結尾的副詞點出相關層面。

        It would have been politically damaging for him to retreat.

        We had a very bad year last year financially.

        He's not a doctor, technically speaking.

        He and Malcolm decided that, racially speaking, anyway, they were in complete agreement.

3. Opinion 意見：Some ’-ly’ adverbs are used to indicate your reaction to, or your opinion of, the fact or event you are talking about. These are sometimes called sentence adverbs. 某些 –ly 結尾的副詞點出說話者對話題事件的反應或意見，因此也叫做「句副詞」。

        Surprisingly, most of my help came from the technicians.

        Luckily, I had seen the play before so I knew what it was about.

4. Place 地方：to say where something happens or where something goes. 說明事件發生的地點，或移動方向。

        A plane flew overhead.

        The children were playing in the park.

        No birds or animals came near the body.

5. Time 時間：to say when something happens. 說明事件發生的時間。

        She will be here soon.

        He was born on 3 April 1925.

        Come and see me next week.

6. Frequency 頻率：to say how often something happens. 說明事件多常發生。

        We often swam in the sea.

        She never comes to my parties.

        The group met once a week.

7. Duration 時間長度：to say how long something takes or lasts. 說明事件花費或延續的時間長度。

        She glanced briefly at Lucas.

        We were married for fifteen years.

8. Degree 等級, 強度：to indicate the degree or intensity of a state or action. 指出狀態或動作的強弱等級。

        I still enjoy it a great deal.

        I enjoyed the course immensely.

        They had suffered severely.

9. Extent 程度：to indicate the extent to which something happens or is true. 指出事件的進行或真實性到達百分之幾。

        The city had been totally destroyed.

        The tightness in my chest had almost disappeared.

        The Labour Party was largely created by the trade unions.

10. Emphasis 強調：to add emphasis to the action described by a verb. 把動詞所表示的動作表現得更強烈。

        I quite agree.

        I simply adore this flat.

11. Focus 聚焦：to indicate the main thing involved in a situation. 指出重點。

        I'm particularly interested in classical music.

        We want especially to thank the numerous friends who encouraged us.

12. Probability 或然率：to indicate how certain you are about something. 表示說話者對言語內容的確定度。

        I definitely saw her yesterday.

        The driver probably knows the quickest route.

外一章

Linking Adverbials 連接副詞（又稱 Transition Signals 轉折副詞）：are used to indicate connections between clauses, such as ‘moreover’, ‘however’, and ‘next’. 表示子句之間的關聯，例如「此外、然而、接著」。

        The cameras will deter potential criminals. Moreover, they will help police a great deal when a crime actually is committed.

這些攝影機可以嚇阻虞犯。此外，如果真的有人犯案，這些機器會是警方一大助力。

參考另外一篇：錯置的修飾語