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udn 部落格．電家族 敬上

讓各位久等的 udn 部落格新版，即將於2013/06/17上線！

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需請您特別注意的是， udn部落格新版的全域網址將進行切換，預計於2013/06/17(一) 凌晨00:00-12:00停機。切換完畢後的新版網址將改為http://blog.udn.com/，舊版網址則改為http://classic-blog.udn.com/。屆時會有全新的部落格體驗，等待您的參與和經營分享。

相關詳情請參考「udn部落格新版預備上線公告說明」。

敬祝 快樂順心

udn部落格．電家族 敬上

For much of human history the nature of light, including whether it was instantaneous or simply travelled very quickly, was unknown. By the 11th century many scientists had suggested that light had a finite speed but it was not until the 17th century that Ole Romer demonstrated this by observing small differences in the apparent orbital period of Jupiter's moon Io. Using this data, Christiaan Huygens estimated the speed of light to be about 220,000 km per second. Since then, scientists have devised more sophisticated techniques to improve the precision of measurement and, by the mid-20th century, the speed of light was known to be approximately 299,792,458 metres per second. In 1983, the metre was redefined as the distance travelled by light in 1/299,792,458 of a second. This had the effect that in the International System of Units c is fixed at exactly 299,792,458 metres per second.

Without politicians and governmental programs for the unemployable, we would have to revert back to the times where family groups cared for their own invalids and elders, and with the tax money retained, could again provide assistance or disability insurance for the truly needy. This would prevent the present welfare scams, and second generations that become accustomed to living on the dole: for relatives wouldn't continue to slave for those that were inconsiderate of them. People should be more concerned with the able bodied, and strive to prevent further deterioration of the planet's life supporting environment.

Pay per click (PPC) is an internet advertising model used on websites, in which advertisers pay their host only when their ad is clicked. With search engines, advertisers typically bid on keyword phrases relevant to their target market. Content sites commonly charge a fixed price per click rather than use a bidding system.

Cost per click (CPC) is the amount of money an advertiser pays search engines and other Internet publishers for a single click on its advertisement that brings one visitor to its website.

A harbor is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. Harbors can be man-made or natural. A man-made harbor will have sea walls or breakwaters and may require dredging. A natural harbor is surrounded on most sides by land.

A central problem in statistical pattern analysis is known as clustering, which basically consists in grouping feature vectors in sets (or clusters) useful for the definition of pattern classes, without supervision. As discussed in the introductory section of this paper, the analysis of feature spaces and feature selection are nontrivial application-dependent problems with no effective automatic approach, traditionally relying on heuristics and trial-and-error procedures. This paper introduces some strategies to deal with the problem of feature selection based on genetic algorithms that are motivated by the considerations presented in the next section.

Accountancy or accounting is the art of communicating financial information about a business entity to users such as shareholders and managers. The communication is generally in the form of financial statements that show in money terms the economic resources under the control of management.

The English term accountant is derived from accomptant, which was pronounced by dropping the 'p' and over time further changed in pronunciation and spelling. Accomptant was derived from the French compter, itself originating from the Latin computare. From the word accountant the term accountancy is derived.

IDEs typically present a single program in which all development is done. This program typically provides many features for authoring, modifying, compiling, deploying and debugging software. The aim is to abstract the configuration necessary to piece together command line utilities in a cohesive unit, which theoretically reduces the time to learn a language, and increases developer productivity. It is also thought that the tight integration of development tasks can further increase productivity. For example, code can be compiled while being written, providing instant feedback on syntax errors. While most modern IDEs are graphical, IDEs in use before the advent of windowing systems (such as Microsoft Windows or X11) were text-based, using function keys or hotkeys to perform various tasks (Turbo Pascal is a common example). This contrasts with software development using unrelated tools, such as vi, GCC or make.

Grammar encompasses morphology (the formation and composition of words), syntax (the rules that determine how words combine into phrases and sentences) and phonology (the study of sound systems and abstract sound units). Phonetics is a related branch of linguistics concerned with the actual properties of speech sounds (phones), non-speech sounds, and how they are produced and perceived. Other sub-disciplines of linguistics include the following: evolutionary linguistics, which considers the origins of language; historical linguistics, which explores language change; sociolinguistics, which looks at the relation between linguistic variation and social structures; psycholinguistics, which explores the representation and functioning of language in the mind; neurolinguistics, which looks at the representation of language in the brain; language acquisition, which considers how children acquire their first language and how children and adults acquire and learn their second and subsequent languages; and discourse analysis, which is concerned with the structure of texts and conversations, and pragmatics with how meaning is transmitted based on a combination of linguistic competence, non-linguistic knowledge, and the context of the speech act.

Within cells, DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes. These chromosomes are duplicated before cells divide, in a process called DNA replication. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store their DNA inside the cell nucleus, while in prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) it is found in the cell's cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed.

Banks act as payment agents by conducting checking or current accounts for customers, paying cheques drawn by customers on the bank, and collecting cheques deposited to customers' current accounts. Banks also enable customer payments via other payment methods such as telegraphic transfer, EFTPOS, and ATM.

Banks borrow money by accepting funds deposited on current accounts, by accepting term deposits, and by issuing debt securities such as banknotes and bonds. Banks lend money by making advances to customers on current accounts, by making installment loans, and by investing in marketable debt securities and other forms of money lending.

The Latin term Imperium Romanum (Roman Empire), probably the best-known Latin expression where the word imperium denotes a territory, indicates any part of the world under Roman rule. Roman expansion began in the days of the Republic, but reached its zenith under Emperor Trajan. At this territorial peak, the Roman Empire controlled approximately 6,500,000 km² of land surface. Because of the Empire's vast extent and long endurance, Roman influence upon the language, religion, architecture, philosophy, law, and government of nations around the world lasts to this day.

Since its inception in 1966, Best Buy Co., Inc. (NYSE:BBY) has grown steadily and enhanced its business through inspired innovations. We're continually transforming into a dynamic, customer-driven, talent-powered company that focuses on enhancing our customers' enjoyment of technology. Like many companies, we come from humble beginnings. We've been challenged significantly from time to time and we've learned, changed and grown from each of these challenges.

Today, Best Buy operates a global portfolio of brands with a commitment to growth and innovation. Our employees strive to provide customers around the world with superior experiences by responding to their unique needs and aspirations. This commitment to growth and customers has driven strong, consistent earnings growth. Retail is a business that requires constant innovation, new ideas, new ways to delight our customers and new ways to work together. To meet the unique product and service needs of our customers, our stores and operating models are being transformed to shift our focus from product-centric to customer-centric — a move that poises Best Buy to truly offer the entertainment and technology solutions that meet our customers' needs, end-to-end.

In December 2008, despite celebrating its 10th anniversary as a Standards Track protocol, IPv6 was only in its infancy in terms of general worldwide deployment. A recent study by Google indicates that penetration is still less than one percent of Internet traffic in any country. The leaders are Russia (0.76%), France (0.65%), Ukraine (0.64%), Norway (0.49%), and the United States (0.45%). Although Asia leads in terms of absolute deployment numbers, the relative penetration is smaller (e.g., China: 0.24%). IPv6 is implemented on all major operating systems in use in commercial, business, and home consumer environments. According to the study, Mac OS X leads in IPv6 penetration of 2.44%, followed by Linux (0.93%) and Windows Vista (0.32%).

IPv6 has a much larger address space than IPv4. This results from the use of a 128-bit address, where IPv4 uses only 32 bits. The new address space thus supports 2^128 (about 3.4?0^38) addresses. This expansion provides flexibility in allocating addresses and routing traffic and eliminates the need for network address translation (NAT). NAT gained widespread deployment as an effort to alleviate IPv4 address exhaustion.