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2014/10/15 19:46:30瀏覽667|回應0|推薦0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1. 名詞身兼代名詞與連接詞兩種角色。它一方面代替先前出現的人事物(先行詞),另一方面引導從屬子句(作為形容詞子句或副詞子句),來修飾它所替代的先行詞。
我們通常用 who 來代替人; which 來代替事或物,而 that 可與 who/which 互換。但是 that 之前不可以有逗號或介系詞。
2. 關係代名詞的格 關係代名詞的格由它在從屬子句所處的位置來決定。who 用在主格的位置,whose 為 who 的所有格, whom 為 who 的受格。which 與 that 均可作為主格或受格。
a. 關係代名詞 who 身兼代名詞與連接詞兩種角色。它一方面代替先前出現的先行詞 a boyfriend,另一方面引導從屬子句,來修飾它所代替的先行詞。 Laura has a boyfriend. 勞拉有個男朋友。 + He lives in 他住在日本。
→ Laura has a boyfriend who lives in Japan. 勞拉有個男朋友,他住在日本。 b. 關係代名詞 whose 身兼代名詞與連接詞兩種角色。它一方面代替先前出現的先行詞 a boyfriend,另一方面引導從屬子句,來修飾它所代替的先行詞。 Laura has a boyfriend. 勞拉有個男朋友。 + His house was destroyed in the quake. 他的房子在地震中被摧毀。 → Laura has a boyfriend whose house was destroyed in the quake. 勞拉有男朋友,他的房子在地震中被摧毀。 c. 關係代名詞 whom 身兼代名詞與連接詞兩種角色。它一方面代替先前出現的先行詞 a boyfriend,另一方面引導從屬子句,來修飾它所代替的先行詞。 Laura has a boyfriend. 勞拉有個男朋友。 + Laura loves him very much. 勞拉非常愛他。 → Laura has a boyfriend whom she loves very much. 勞拉有個男朋友,她非常愛他。 3. Who 的用法 I have an aunt. She teaches English at our school. 我有一個阿姨。她在我們學校教英語。 代名詞 She 代替名詞 aunt. 我們可以利用關係代名詞 who 來重寫上面這兩句,使變為一個複句。 I have an aunt who teaches English at our school. 這裡的 "who" 既當代名詞,代替先行詞 "aunt",又當連接詞,引導從屬子句 "who teaches English at our school" 來修飾名詞 "aunt" (阿姨)。阿姨是"人",所以要用 "who" 不能用 "which"。 The girl who sits there is my sister. 坐在那裡的女孩是我的妹妹。 由 who 所引導的形容詞子句 "who sits there", 用以修飾先行詞 "The girl"。 4. Which 的用法 The idea of this great movie comes from the novel. 這部好電影的構想來自於小說。 The novel which has already been read and loved by many people. 這小說已經被很多人閱讀並受到喜愛。 The idea of this great movie comes from the novel which has already been read and loved by many people. 這部好電影的構想來自於已經被很多人閱讀並受到喜愛的小說。 關係代名詞 which 既為代名詞,代替先行詞 "novel",又當連接詞,引導從屬子句 "which has already been read and loved by many people." 來修飾名詞 "novel" (小說)。小說是"物",所以要用 "which" 不能用 "who"。 The book, which I read last night, was exciting. 我昨晚讀的書很令人興奮。 由 which 所引導的形容詞子句 "which I read last night", 用以修飾先行詞 "The book"。 · 我喜歡閱讀我上週買的書。 · I enjoy reading the book which I bought it last week. 5. Whose 的用法 The boy failed the test. 男孩未能通過考試。 The boy's mother is the school principal. 男孩的母親是學校校長。 The boy whose mother is the school principal failed the test. 這個男孩,他的母親是學校校長,未能通過測試。 關係代名詞 whose,所有格,指這男孩的。 由 whose 所引導的形容詞子句 "whose mother is the school principal" 用以修飾The boy。 6. Whom 的用法 She has a teacher whom she respects. 她有一個被她尊敬的老師。 He is the best American author of whom you have never heard. 他是你從來沒有聽說過的美國最好的作家。 7. That 的用法 This is the girl that sang that song at the beginning. 是這個女孩一開頭唱那首歌。 關係代名詞 that 代替先行詞 "the girl",又當連接詞,引導從屬子句 "that sang that song at the beginning" 來修飾名詞 "the girl"。that 可以代替是“人”的先行詞。 This is the movie that everyone is talking about. 每個人都在談論這部電影。 關係代名詞 that 代替先行詞 "the movie",又當連接詞,引導從屬子句"that everyone is talking about" 來修飾名詞 "the movie"。that 可以代替是“事物”的先行詞。 The bench that uncle James made was very sturdy. 詹姆斯叔叔做的板凳非常堅固。 由 that 所引導的形容詞子句 "that uncle James made ", 用以修飾先行詞 "The bench"。 · 有25名學生在課堂上,沒有一個人會講日語。 · There are 25 students in the class, none of them speak Japanese. 上面這五個關係代名詞,除了that 外, who, whom, whose 和 which 也可以當作疑問代名詞使用。 who, whom 和 which 等字尾也可以加 -ever 形成複合關係代名詞 whoever, whomever 和 whichever。 資料來源: 基礎實用文法 |
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