1. 簡單式- S + V(pt/ed) → 表示過去發生的動作

    → 轉為被動式 S + Be-V(was/were) + V-pp

Ex: Hemingway wrote this book in 1945. (主動)

   → This book was written by Hemingway in 1945 (被動)

2. 進行式- S + Be-V(was/were) + V-ing → 表示某一時間正在發生的動作

    → 轉為被動式 S + Be-V(was/were) + being + V-pp

Ex: The tailor was measuring the garment at 8 o’clock last night. (主動)

   → The . (被動)garment was being measured by the tailor at 8 o’clock last night.

3. 完成式- S + had + V-pp → 表示動作到過去某一時間已經完成或動作比另一個過去的動作早發生

    →轉為被動式 S + had + been + V-pp

Ex: After I had finished my work, I went home last night. (主動)

   → After my work had been finished by me, I went home last night. (被動)

4. 完成進行式- S + had + been + V-ing

    → 表示過去某一時間或某一件事情發生時，有另一事件持續進行

    → 無被動式

Ex: I had been working for five years before you graduated.