..

.

.圖-160轟炸機（俄語：Ту-160；北約代號：海盜旗）是蘇聯圖波列夫設計局研製的一款可變後掠翼超音速遠程戰略轟炸機。原設計目的是作為圖-22M「逆火」和圖-95「熊」式的後繼機種，以執行戰略轟炸任務。因其操控性能優異，且機身表面採用抗閃光的啞光白色塗層，俄羅斯軍方為其取了暱稱「白天鵝」.\

（俄語：Белый лебедь）。

該機是蘇聯解體前最後一項戰略轟炸機計畫，也是至今為止人類歷史上製造過最重的轟炸機^[2]。圖-160不僅是現今世界上航速最快、航程最遠的戰略轟炸機之一，其極具辨識度的可變後掠翼設計與優雅的白色機身，也使其成為冷戰時期航空工業的標誌性產物。

..

The Tupolev Tu-160 (Russian: Туполев Ту-160 «Белый лебедь», romanized: Bely Lebed, lit. White Swan;^[] NATO reporting name: Blackjack) is a supersonic, variable-sweep wing nuclear-capable heavy strategic bomber and airborne missile platform designed by the Tupolev Design Bureau in the Soviet Union in the 1970s. The aircraft is large, longer than a Boeing B-52 Stratofortress at 54 m, with wingspan 56 m when spread, 36 m when swept back. The Tu-160 is operated by the Long Range Aviation branch of the Russian Aerospace Forces.^]

The Tu-160 entered service in 1987, the last strategic bomber designed for the Soviet Air Forces. It was built to serve as both a conventional and nuclear bomber. Production was stopped in 1992 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the newly independent Russian and Ukrainian air forces inherited a fleet of 13 and 19 Tu-160s, respectively. Following protracted negotiations, the Russian Federation purchased eight Ukrainian Tu-160s, while the remaining 11 were scrapped in the late 1990s under the Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction agreement. Following these actions, the sole operator of the aircraft type became the Russian Aerospace Forces Long Range Aviation branch, which still had 17 Tu-160s in service as of 2022. The type had its combat debut in November 2015 during the Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War, conducting numerous airstrikes using Kh-101 air-launched cruise missiles. Various overseas deployments have been conducted, including to distant nations such as Venezuela and South Africa.

Since the early 2000s, the active fleet has undergone several upgrades, largely focusing on various electronic systems. A program of modernising existing aircraft to a new Tu-160M standard and building new aircraft was embarked upon, with the first updated aircraft delivered in December 2014. Plans were announced in 2015 for the delivery of 50 new-built Tu-160Ms and the upgrading of 16 existing aircraft.^[]

The new bombers are reported to have more sophisticated armament, engines, and avionics than the original Tu-160. In January 2022, the first newly-built Tu-160M performed a test flight,^] with two new aircraft planned for delivery in 2022^[6] of ten on order..