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| 2025/04/09 01:49:30瀏覽116｜回應0｜推薦5 | |
. https://youtu.be/YvsdNNbLiHw?si=TspoEweCJXKaRa4C .. Exclusive | ‘Made in China 2025’: is Beijing’s plan for hi-tech dominance as big a threat as the West thinks it is?The ‘Made in China 2025’ plan aims to break China’s reliance on foreign technology and pull its hi-tech industries up to Western levels. But it has become a lightning rod for Washington’s ire in its trade war with Beijing. This article – the first in a series on the plan – explains how it became the centre of so much attention.
. ..Made in China 2025 Plan Still Controversial in the West Chinese politicians may have scaled back references to Made in China 2025, but the initiative continues to concern Western manufacturers and governments. We are like dwarfs sitting on the shoulders of giants. We see more, and things that are more distant, than they did, not because our sight is superior or because we are taller than they, but because they raise us up, and by their great stature add to ours.” —John of Salisbury, 12th-century English author and philosopher.. Unification Around Industry 4.0, Resistance to Made in China 2025 But while Industry 4.0 has been anglicized and provided a sort of innovation template for industrial companies across the world, the Made in China 2025 project has sparked backlash from the United States government, becoming a point of contention for the Trump administration, which focused its first tariff list around products featured in the plan. U.S. Resistance to Made in China Grows U.S. politicians from across the political spectrum have united under the rubric of resistance to China’s plan to dominate sectors such as IT, aerospace, agricultural equipment and medical device manufacturing where the United States has been a leader. “Through the whole of its ‘Made in China 2025’ strategy, the Chinese government intends to steal, subsidize and ultimately compete its way to the top of the global production value chain,” said Marco Rubio, the U.S. senator from Florida, in a small business committee hearing earlier this year. “They aim to supplant American leadership by any means necessary, including illegal ones,” Rubio said. Various government initiatives, whether it be Made in China 2025, Germany’s Industrie 4.0 or broader government initiatives without clear branding intend to build on humanity’s collective industrial history, while also addressing labor shortages in industrial nations. Made in China 2025] (MIC25,] MIC 2025] or MIC2025; Chinese: 中国制造2025; pinyin: Zhōngguózhìzào èrlíngèrwǔ) is a national strategic plan and industrial policy[] to further develop the manufacturing sector of the Peoples Republic of China, signed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang in May 2015.[7] As part of the thirteenth and fourteenth five-year plans, China aims to move away from being the "worlds factory"—a producer of cheap low-tech goods facilitated by lower labour costs and supply chain advantages. The industrial policy aims to upgrade the manufacturing capabilities of Chinese industries, growing from labor-intensive workshops into a more technology-intensive powerhouse with more value added.[] Made in China 2025s goals include increasing the Chinese-domestic content of core materials to 40 percent by 2020 and 70 percent by 2025.[] To help achieve independence from foreign suppliers, the initiative encourages increased production in high-tech products and services, with its semiconductor industry central to the industrial plan, partly because advances in chip technology may "lead to breakthroughs in other areas of technology, handing the advantage to whoever has the best chips – an advantage that currently is out of Beijing’s reach."] Since 2018, following a backlash from the United States and Europe, the phrase "MIC 2025" has been de-emphasized in government and other official communications,[] while the program remains in place. The Chinese government continues to invest heavily in identified technologies.[] In 2018, the Chinese government committed to investing roughly US$300 billion into achieving the industrial plan.] In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, at least an additional $1.4 trillion was also invested into MIC 2025 initiatives.[15] Given Chinas current middle income country status, the practicality of its disproportionate expenditure on pioneering new technologies has been called into question.[16][17] In 2024, the majority of MIC 2025s goals were considered to be achieved, despite U.S. efforts to curb the program.[. .
中國製造2025》是中華人民共和國國務院總理李克強提出的製造業政策，也是中華人民共和國政府實施「製造強國」戰略的首個十年綱領1]。該計劃於2015年5月8日由國務院公布[2]，5月19日正式印發[]。 作為「十三五」和「十四五」規劃的一部分，中國的目標是擺脫「世界工廠」的角色利用低勞動力成本和供應鏈優勢生產廉價低技術產品。該產業政策旨在提升中國工業的製造能力，從勞動密集型的「車間」發展成為技術密集型、附加值更高的製造業強國。[ 《中國製造2025》通過「三步走」實現製造強國的戰略目標：第一步，到2025年邁入製造強國行列；第二步，到2035年中國大陸製造業整體達到世界製造強國陣營中等水準；第三步，到中華人民共和國成立一百年時，更加鞏固製造業國家地位，綜合實力進入世界製造強國前列[]。 自2018年以來，由於遭到美國、歐洲和其他國家的強烈反對，「中國製造2025」一詞在政府和其他官媒中已不再強調。]實際上，該計劃仍在實施中。中國政府將繼續對已確定的技術進行大量投資。[] 2018年，中國政府承諾投資約3000億美元實現該產業計劃。[]在中國大陸爆發新冠肺炎疫情之後，至少有額外的1.4萬億美元被投資於該計劃。[9]鑑於中國目前的開發中國家地位，其在開拓性新技術上投入不成比例的資金的實用性受到了質疑。[] 2024年4月《南華早報》根據過去10年出版的官方文件書籍和其他權威消息來源，整理出計劃中的260多個目標，數據顯示「中國製造2025」超過86%的目標已經完成[。 美國國務卿馬可·魯比奧於2024年9月發布報告指出,中國在電動車,能源與發電,造船,高鐵等4大產業，已在全球占有領先地位；在航空與航太,生物科技,先進材料,機器人與工具機,半導體等5大產業,取得相當實質的進展,接近目標,唯有農業機械方面還未達預期. 。
Ten years on, the relative success of Beijings Made in China 2025 planLaunched in 2015, Chinas economic roadmap was a plan to transform the country from an industrial giant to a global manufacturing superpower. It was Chinas intention that we should never hear of its 2025 policy again, and stopped communicating a plan that was as ambitious as it was disruptive. Made in China 2025, was like a ship that turns off its transponder when entering sensitive waters. Launched by the Chinese government in the spring of 2015, the roadmap aimed to transform China from being an industrial giant into a global manufacturing superpower and targeted key sectors, from biotech and new materials to semiconductors and electric vehicles. The Chinese Academy of Engineering had set precise objectives, and state subsidies poured into these fields, which were marked out as national priorities. The aim was to localize and maximize know-how and production, against a backdrop of rising geopolitical tensions. The Chinese government was unlikely to take stock of the situation 10 years on. By 2018, the Made in China 2025 plan had become a symbol of the threat posed by Chinas ascendancy, particularly in the eyes of the United States. The new American president Donald Trump had announced his first tariff sanctions against the country on March 22, 2018, the same day his administration had published a report on Beijings practices they deemed unfair. Made in China 2025 was cited 116 times, even though references to the plan had. . . 中國製造2025已達標超86% 美國制裁並未奏效. 國際戰略觀察家分析認為,美國總統川普公告的關稅政策,將於20250409.正式實施,如此一來2025040美美國及世界各國的證券市場大跌,市值消失金融市場損失慘重.然而中國早在2015 年,中國推出了一項雄心勃勃的十年計畫,即「中國製造 2025」,旨在用十年時間實現製造業自主創新、實力增強。儘管在美中貿易戰後，中國已避免公開討論「中國製造 2025」計畫，但仍力圖實現目.因此顯示出中國早已洞悉美國對於中國的政策,提前佈局因應美國的變化,甚至於反制美國.因此國際戰略學者專家認為,川普的關稅政策有效期間90天而已,因為20250509.是蘇聯在第二次世界大戰期間戰勝,納粹黨的德國,勝利80周年紀念日,中國國家主席習近平,應邀請訪問莫斯科,在紅場與克里姆林宮慶祝紀念,美國總統川普並未受到邀請,因此懷恨在心,提前實施新關稅政策,明確顯示出美國的草率從事,導致於美國的老百姓,大規模走進街頭巷尾的遊行示威,抗議,並要求川普停止關稅政策,因為如此一來,美國的老百姓深惡痛絕,通貨膨脹,物價高漲30% 的關稅,還是羊毛出在羊身上,要由美國老百姓承擔 為什麼?
川普箭在弦上不得不發,俄烏戰爭調停觸礁,中東地區戰雲密佈,東方中國強勢崛起,公開第六代戰鬥機,領先美國,除此之外,美國財政赤字高達35兆美元的透支,令美國政府隨時隨地的破產.如此一來美國總統川普病急亂投醫,無法有效的制定國家政策及國際政策,的頭痛醫頭,腳痛醫腳的亂成一團,傳聞川普透過秘秘管道與中國連繫溝通,20250409-0709.這90 天,讓美國實施新關稅政策,對於川普的選民有所交代,如此一來美國總統川普可能於202509月訪問中國,參加紀念並慶祝中國抗日戰爭勝利80周年紀念日,因為美國於第二次世界大戰期間在太平洋地區與日本作戰,並且向日本投擲2顆原子彈,戰勝日本,如此一來美國總統川普,在中國找回面子與裡子,因此會公告新關稅終止,並且一視同仁,對於世界各國徵收10% 的關稅罷了. .
美國帝國主的惡霸,向中國加徵50%,關稅試問超過100%,迪關稅,就等同於斷絕商品貿易的往來,美國是在最後的豪賭,孤注一擲的玩弄賭博零與100 的遊戲,結果可想而知,美國將陷入萬劫不復的絕境,日前美國人民的示威油行抗議,只是經濟大蕭條的開胃小菜,讓川普不以為然,因為基層的老百姓是最窮苦的人民,終日為了3餐忙得不可開交的渡日子,它們不如有錢美國人,無憂無慮依賴金融遊戲,賺取不法的利益,除此之外美國的黑人極少數民族的基本利益也被關稅影響到,屆時它們就是走上街頭巷尾,進行激烈的示威遊行抗議, 打,殺,縱火,搶劫商店的精彩鏡將逐漸的在美國各州上演,如此一來情況惡化,美國做出損人不利己的關稅,就會停止.美國不見棺不落淚..
. REFLECTIONS ON THE “MADE IN CHINA” PLAN 2025.
. Made in China 2025: 4 questions on the country’s manufacturing upgrade 10 years onIs China a leader in aeronautics and robotics? What role did the government play in their success? SCMP editors answer questions about Made in China 2025. .China has made significant progress in multiple industries under its “Made in China 2025” plan that Beijing initiated a decade ago, but the state-led initiative remains controversial on the global stage amid an escalating trade war with the US. In the latest China Future Tech webinar, South China Morning Post technology editor Zhou Xin, Political Economy Editor Jasmine Wang, Science News Editor Stephen Chen and Political Economy Correspondent Ralph Jennings discussed major questions surrounding the ambitious plan as it concludes this year, and what to expect from China’s policymakers ahead of their gathering in Beijing in early March.
What has China achieved under “Made in China 2025”?When China’s State Council issued the policy in May 2015, calling it the country’s first 10-year action plan focusing on promoting manufacturing, China still stood at the low end of the global value chain, producing mostly cheap goods. Most cars on Chinese roads were made by Western carmakers, and both the hardware and software of computers and mobile phones were largely designed in the US. Amid global pushback, the Chinese government has publicly downplayed the “Made in China 2025” agenda in recent years, but it has still led to profound changes in the domestic economy. Electric vehicles from local brands are popular among Chinese consumers, and the China-made C919 passenger plane has begun to serve some of the busiest routes. While China still lags in areas such as high-end semiconductors and aerospace, a Post analysis in April last year found that the country has achieved about 86 per cent of its goals.
，2015 年，中國推出了一項雄心勃勃的十年計畫，即「中國製造 2025」，旨在用十年時間實現製造業自主創新、實力增強。儘管在美中貿易戰後，中國已避免公開討論「中國製造 2025」計畫，但仍力圖實現目標。 在距離 2025 年僅剩約 8 個月之際，整理了官方及其他權威數據和資料，分析認為，中國製造 2025 涵蓋 10 個關鍵領域的超 200 個目標中，已經實現了超過 86％，其他一些目標可能在今年稍晚或明年完成。同時，一些目標，例如電動車 (EV) 和再生能源生產，已經遠遠超出預期。 .在資訊科技領域，儘管面臨美國及其盟友的打壓，中國 5G 技術仍在國內外廣泛應用，中國在積體電路、通訊設備、作業系統、工業軟體和智慧製造領域已實現大部分既定目標。雖然中國仍尚未實現最先進的 EUV 微影技術的產業化，但高階晶片製造已獲得長足發展。 自主測量和檢測設備的目標也尚未實現，報導認為，部分原因是美國在這一領域的制裁較少。最新產業數據顯示，中國市場使用的智慧電錶和線上成分分析設備大部分仍為國外品牌。 同時，中國目前擁有世界上最多的智慧工廠和自動化終端，採用國產晶片和作業系統的高階手機成為暢銷產品，中國造船廠的生產能力已超過美國 200 倍以上。 在電動車領域，中國生產的汽車受到全球消費者的追捧，推動中國去年超越日本成為全球最大的汽車出口國。甚至於，它們已成為美國和一些歐洲國家新一輪制裁和關稅的主要目標，理由是中國政府干預。 就連中國政府也沒有預料到電動車需求的快速成長。根據《中國製造 2025》目標，明年電動車年銷量應達到 300 萬輛，但中國汽車製造商去年的銷量接近 1,000 萬輛，光比亞迪汽車就超過 300 萬輛。 在航空航太領域，中國國產 C919 大飛機開始服役於部分繁忙航線，打破了波音和空中巴士的壟斷。此外，在機器人、農業設備、生物製藥、海洋工程等領域，中國設定的目標都已達成。《中國製造 2025》完成率最低的產業是新材料，目前僅 75%。懸而未決的目標包括大尺寸深紫外線非線性晶體、低成本鈦合金粉末、某些特殊超導材料、可使鋰離子電池動力汽車續航里程增加一倍的石墨烯電極材料以及一些特殊材料的產業化。化學材料。 ，現在，面對來自中國的高品質、低成本的高科技產品，特別是在光伏、大型風力渦輪機和電動汽車方面，西方正在考慮發動新一輪的貿易戰和制裁。 「他們究竟能取得多大的成功是值得懷疑的。縱觀西方迄今為止採取的限制性措施，事實證明，這些措施的有效性有限，有時甚至適得其反。」 .
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