許靜芬(2005)。從基因到認知：由非典型發展看語言。曾志朗、洪蘭主編。揭開認知神經科學的新頁：從腦照影功能談起。應用心理研究，第28期，第141-161頁。

摘要

認知缺損後的語言樣貌如何是本篇文章關心與討論的重點。文章裡以一個先天基因缺損的族群威廉氏症候群為例，說明先天的限制（基因）與後天發展（認知）的可能交互影響。這樣的交互影響使得威廉氏症候群有著不同的發展模式，且相當的非典型。比如，認知能力缺損的確影響著個體的語言處理能力，因此，相較於發現全面性的與心智配對組在各個語言層面上有對等能力，威廉氏症候群的語言能力在一些向度上比起心智年齡配對的控制組來得差。這樣的發現顯示出他們的語言能力有著明顯的強項與弱項。另外，一個關於威廉氏症候群可能是用不同的策略在學習語言這樣的說法也提出加以討論。

關鍵詞：威廉氏症候群，先天基因，後天認知，發展障礙

(Full paper is available upon request.)

 From Gene to Cognition: How Can Atypical Developments Tell Us About language?

                                                               Abstract

      What would the pattern of language processing be in individuals with cognitive deficits? This is the issue concerned in this paper. Williams Syndrome, a genetic disordered population, is taken as an example to investigate the interaction of gene deficits and cognition. This interaction influences individual developments, which in turn cause atypical trajectories. For example, cognitive deficits do affect individuals’ language processing. Hence, rather than finding equal abilities of Williams Syndrome people and mental age match controls in various language testing overall, their language ability seems to be worse in some tasks. This shows the strengths and weaknesses within their language ability. Further, a possible proposal regarding a different learning strategy of this genetic disorder is also considered.

Keywords: Williams Syndrome, gene, cognition, developmental disorder

(Full paper is available upon request.)