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遊說 改革
2013/07/05 22:24:20瀏覽762|回應0|推薦0

遊說 改革   杜絕  政客妄為 圖利 官商勾結   雙子星開發案疑有弊

政治獻金法問答手冊

影響政治 vs.干涉政治:台灣遊說制度

Proposed Reforms Regarding the Disclosure and Regulation of Federal Lobbying (summary)

The disclosure and conduct of lobbying the federal government are governed by the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995, the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 and congressional and executive regulations addressing travel, gifts and ethics. But recent lobbying abuses and scandals have highlighted fundamental problems with the nation’s lobbying laws. These problems include an inadequate system of disclosure; a revolving door that is spinning out of control between public service and the private sector; and excessive influence peddling by special interests and their lobbyists. Public Citizen recommends the following legislative and regulatory reforms for enhancing the disclosure and conduct of lobbying activities.

Section I: Limiting Influence Peddling by Lobbyists

  • Prohibit registered lobbyists from soliciting or arranging for campaign contributions to lawmakers and political parties, and severely restrict the campaign contributions that lobbyists may give from their own pockets to those whom they lobby.
  • Prohibit privately-sponsored travel for government officials and their staff.
  • Restore the “no-cup-of-coffee” gift ban.
  • Establish a central ethics agency for Congress to monitor and enforce federal lobbying, travel, gift and ethics laws.
  • Strengthen the Office of Government Ethics to monitor and enforce federal travel, gift, and ethics laws and regulations for the executive branch.

Section II: Slowing the Revolving Door

  • Extend the revolving door “cooling off” period to two years and include a prohibition on all lobbying activity during that period.
  • Temporarily suspend special privileges of members of Congress who became lobbyists.
  • Improve scrutiny and disclosure of waivers from conflicts of interest granted to executive branch officials seeking private-sector employment.
  • Apply the same executive branch conflict of interest restrictions to future employment to members of Congress and their senior staff seeking private employment.

Section III: Improving Lobbying Disclosure

  • Require quarterly electronic filing for all lobbyists and lobbying firms and establish a searchable, sortable and downloadable Web-based database that includes separate electronic fields for each record required to be disclosed, especially bill numbers and issue areas lobbied.Require quarterly filing.
  • Require lobbyists to report the frequency and subject of each “in-person” lobbying contact and record the names of authors of legislative provisions.
  • Require disclosure of paid grassroots lobbying activities directed at the general public through mass communications (rather than at an organization’s members, employees, officers or shareholders).
  • Require corporations, unions and organizations that are members of a lobbying coalition to disclose their involvement.
  • Require lobbyists to disclose previous federal government employment.
  • Designate a single reporting method for lobbying expenditures.
改革建議,關於信息披露與監管的聯邦遊說(摘要)
受遊說聯邦政府的遊說信息披露法1995年,1989年的“道德改革法”,國會和行政法規,解決旅遊,饋贈和道德的信息披露和操守。但是,最近的遊說濫用和醜聞強調與國家的遊說法律的根本問題。這些問題包括披露制度不完善,走馬燈,紡出的公共服務和私營部門之間的控制和過度兜售影響力的特殊利益和他們的遊說者。公共公民建議以下立法和監管改革,以加強信息披露和進行遊說活動。
第一節:限制影響兜售遊說
禁止註冊遊說國會議員和政黨的競選捐款索取或安排,並嚴格限制競選捐款,遊說可能會從自己的口袋裡的那些人,他們的大堂。
政府官員及其工作人員禁止私人資助的旅行。
恢復“無杯咖啡”禮物禁令。
建立一個中央的國會倫理機構,負責監督和執行聯邦遊說,旅遊,禮品和道德法律。
加強政府道德辦公室負責監督和執行聯邦旅遊,禮品,道德的法律與法規的執行分支。
第二節:減緩旋轉門
旋轉門“冷靜期”延長至兩年,在此期間,其中包括禁止在所有的遊說活動。
暫時中止誰成為國會議員的遊說者的特權。
提高審查和授予行政部門官員,私營部門尋求就業的利益衝突披露豁免。
應用相同的行政部門的利益衝突限制到將來就業的國會議員和他們的高級職員,尋求私營部門就業。
第三節:改善遊說披露
要求所有的遊說者和遊說公司的季度電子備案,並建立一個基於Web的搜索,排序和下載的數據庫,其中包括為每個記錄須予披露,特別是提單號和發行領域lobbied.Require季度財報顯示獨立的電子領域。
要求說客,每個“人”遊說接觸的頻率和主題報告和記錄法律條文的作者的名字。
支付基層遊說活動在廣大市民通過大眾傳播(而不是在一個組織的成員,僱員,高級職員或股東)的要求披露。
要求企業,工會和組織成員的遊說聯盟透露他們的參與。
要求遊說者透露以前的聯邦政府就業。
指定一個單一的遊說支出報告的方法。

Political Reform Division

SOS Building

The Political Reform Division administers provisions of California's Political Reform Act, including the law's most fundamental purpose of ensuring that "receipts and expenditures in election campaigns should be fully and truthfully disclosed in order that the voters may be fully informed and the activities of lobbyists should be regulated and their finances disclosed..."

The Political Reform Act was adopted as a statewide initiative (Proposition 9) by an overwhelming vote of the electorate in 1974. The law requires detailed disclosure of the role of money in California politics. This includes the disclosure of contributions and expenditures in connection with campaigns supporting or opposing state and local candidates and ballot measures as well as the disclosure of expenditures made in connection with lobbying the State Legislature and attempting to influence administrative decisions of state government.

The Political Reform Division, Secretary of State, is located at 1500 - 11th Street, Room 495, Sacramento, CA 95814, phone (916) 653-6224. For more detailed information on directions or office hours, visit our Contact Information page.

Responsibilities of the Political Reform Division

The Secretary of State's Political Reform Division administers provisions of California's Political Reform Act of 1974 which requires the disclosure of financial activities related to political campaigns and lobbying.

Specific activities of the Political Reform Division include:

Campaign

  • Register and issue identification numbers for all state and local campaign committees that raise funds in connection with elections (non-federal) throughout California.
  • Receive notices from all state candidates of their intentions to seek a specific office and whether they intend to abide by voluntary spending limits.
  • Receive campaign disclosure statements (itemizing contributions received and expenditures made) filed by individuals and committees raising or spending campaign funds to support or oppose state candidates or ballot measures. (Local campaign committees file their itemized disclosure statements with local filing officers.
  • Post electronically filed campaign statements on the Secretary of State's Cal-Access website.
  • Provide technical assistance regarding campaign disclosure provisions of the Political Reform Act to state and local candidates and elected officials, treasurers of campaign committees, and the general public.
  • Review campaign documents to ensure compliance with reporting requirements.
  • Provide public access to all campaign disclosure documents.
  • Determine if campaign documents have been filed on time and impose and collect fines for late filings.

Lobbying

  • Register lobbying firms and lobbyist employers that make expenditures to lobby California State government.
  • Receive lobbying disclosure statements filed by lobbyists, employers of lobbyists, and lobbying firms. Post statements filed electronically or online on the Secretary of State's Cal-Access website.
  • Provide technical assistance regarding lobbying disclosure provisions of the Political Reform Act to lobbyists, lobbying firms, lobbyist employers, and the general public.
  • Review lobbying documents to ensure compliance with reporting requirements.
  • Provide public access to all lobbying disclosure filings.
  • Publish online The Lobbying Directory at the start of every two-year legislative session. Produce monthly Directory updates on the Internet.
  • Determine if lobbying documents have been filed on time and impose and collect fines for late filings.
政治改革司
政治改革司負責管理加州的政治改革法案“的規定,包括法律的最根本的目的,確保”在競選活動中的收入和支出應是全面,如實披露,以選民可以充分告知和遊說團體的活動應監管和披露的財政...“
政治改革法案被採納為全州的倡議(命題9)在1974年以壓倒性多數選票的選民。該法要求詳細披露在加利福尼亞州政治貨幣的作用。這包括披露的捐款和支出的活動,支持或反對的州和地方候選人和選票的措施以及披露遊說州議會,並試圖影響州政府的行政決定作出的支出。
政治改革部國務秘書,在1500 - 11街,495室,薩克拉門托,CA 95814,電話(916)653-6224。有關指示或辦公時間更詳細的信息,請訪問我們的聯繫信息頁面。
政治改革部的職責
國的政治改革部秘書管理規定加州1974年政治改革法案,要求披露的財務相關的政治活動和遊說活動。
政治改革部的具體活動包括:
運動
所有的州和地方政府籌集資金的競選委員會在整個加州與選舉(非聯邦)註冊並出具身份證號碼。
收到通知,他們的意圖從所有國家的候選人尋求一個特定的辦公室,以及他們是否打算遵守自願消費限額。
接收競選披露報表(逐項收到的捐款和支出情況)提交的個人和委員會籌募或支出的競選資金,以支持或反對國有候選人或選票措施。 (地方競選委員會文件與本地申報人員逐項披露報表。
秘書國加州訪問網站上發布電子方式提交的競選宣言。
提供技術援助,有關競選披露的政治改革法案“的規定,州和地方候選人和當選官員,競選委員會的財務主管,和一般公眾。
評論活動的文件,以確保遵守報告要求。
提供公眾訪問所有競選披露文件。
確定是否競選文件已提交的時間,,並處收取罰款遲報。
遊說
註冊的遊說公司和遊說人員的雇主,使加利福尼亞州政府遊說支出。
接收遊說的說客,說客,遊說公司的雇主提交的披露報表。發表聲明提出電子或在線在國加州訪問網站秘書。
提供技術援助方面的遊說披露規定的政治改革法案的遊說者,遊說公司遊說人員的雇主,和一般公眾。
查看遊說文件,以確保符合報告要求。
向公眾提供所有遊說披露備案。
網上發布的遊說目錄開始在每一個為期兩年的立法會議。每月在互聯網上的目錄更新。
確定,如果遊說文件已經提交的時間,,並處收取罰款遲報。
  

How to Reform Lobbying: Transparency 如何改革透明遊說

States' Legislative Ethics and Lobbying Laws 各州立法倫理和遊說法律

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