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TANG Zhan 湯棧有提供尾牙方案嗎? 》公益路最強美食推薦|10家吃過會愛上的餐廳 |
| 休閒生活|笑話 2025/11/25 10:38:39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
身為一個熱愛美食、喜歡在城市裡挖掘驚喜的人,臺中公益路一直是我最常出沒的地方之一。這條路可說是「臺中人的美食戰場」,從精緻西餐到創意火鍋,從日式丼飯到義式早午餐,每走幾步,就會有完全不同的特色料理餐廳。 這次我特別花了一整個月,實際造訪了公益路上十間口碑不錯的餐廳。有的是網友熱推的打卡名店,也有隱藏在巷弄裡的小驚喜。我以環境氛圍、口味表現、價格CP值與再訪意願為基準,整理出這篇實測評比。希望能幫正在猶豫去哪裡吃飯的你,找到那一間「吃完會想再來」的餐廳。 評比標準與整理方向
這次我走訪的10家餐廳橫跨不同料理類型,從高質感牛排館到巷弄系早午餐,每一間都有自己獨特的風格。為了讓整體比較更客觀,我依照以下四大面向進行評比,並搭配實際用餐體驗來打分。
整體而言,我希望這份評比不只是「哪家好吃」,而是幫你在不同情境下(約會、家庭聚餐、朋友小聚、商業午餐)都能快速找到合適的選擇。畢竟,美食不只是味覺的滿足,更是一段段與朋友共享的生活記憶。 10間臺中公益路餐廳評比懶人包公益路向來是臺中人聚餐的首選地段,從火鍋、燒肉到中式料理與早午餐,每走幾步就有驚喜。以下是我實際造訪過的10間代表性餐廳清單,橫跨平價、創意、高級各路風格。
一頭牛日式燒肉|炭香濃郁的和牛饗宴,約會聚餐首選
走在公益路上,很難不被 一頭牛日式燒肉 的木質外觀吸引。低調卻不失質感的門面,搭配昏黃燈光與暖色調的內裝,讓人一進門就感受到濃濃的日式職人氛圍。店內空間不大,但桌距規劃得宜,每桌皆設有獨立排煙設備,烤肉時完全不怕滿身油煙味。 餐點特色
一頭牛的靈魂,絕對是他們招牌的「三國和牛拼盤」。 用餐體驗整體節奏掌握得非常好。店員會在你剛想烤下一片肉時貼心遞上夾子、幫忙換烤網,讓人完全不用分心。整場用餐過程就像一場表演,從視覺、嗅覺到味覺都被滿足。 綜合評分
地址:408臺中市南屯區公益路二段162號電話:04-23206800 官網:http://www.marihuana.com.tw/yakiniku/index.html 小結語一頭牛日式燒肉不僅是「吃肉的地方」,更像是一場五感盛宴。從進門那一刻到最後一道甜點,都能感受到他們對細節的用心。 TANG Zhan 湯棧|文青系火鍋代表,麻香湯底與視覺美感並重
在公益路這條美食戰線上,TANG Zhan 湯棧 是讓人一眼就會想走進去的那一種。 餐點特色
湯棧最有名的當然是它的「麻香鍋」。 用餐體驗整體氛圍比一般火鍋店更有質感。 綜合評分
地址:408臺中市南屯區公益路二段248號電話:04-22580617 官網:https://www.facebook.com/TangZhan.tw/ 小結語TANG Zhan 湯棧 把傳統火鍋做出新的樣貌保留臺式鍋物的溫度,又結合現代風格與細節服務,讓吃鍋這件事變得更有品味。 如果你想找一間兼具「好吃、好拍、好放鬆」的火鍋店,湯棧會是公益路上最有風格的選擇之一。 NINI 尼尼臺中店|明亮寬敞的義式早午餐天堂
如果說前兩間是肉食愛好者的天堂,那 NINI 尼尼臺中店 絕對是想放鬆、聊聊天的好地方。餐廳外觀以白色系與大片玻璃窗為主,陽光灑進室內,讓人一踏入就有種度假般的輕盈感。假日早午餐時段特別熱鬧,建議提早訂位。 餐點特色
NINI 的菜單融合義式與臺灣人口味,選擇多樣且份量十足。主打的 松露燉飯 濃郁卻不膩口,米芯保留微Q口感;而 香蒜海鮮義大利麵 則以新鮮白蝦、花枝與淡菜搭配微辣蒜香,口感層次豐富。 用餐體驗店內氣氛輕鬆不拘謹,無論是一個人帶電腦工作、或朋友聚餐,都能找到舒服角落。餐點上桌速度穩定,服務人員態度親切、補水與收盤都非常主動。整體節奏讓人覺得「時間變慢了」,很適合想遠離忙碌日常的人。 綜合評分
地址:40861臺中市南屯區公益路二段18號電話:04-23288498 小結語NINI 尼尼臺中店是一間能讓人放下手機、慢慢吃飯的餐廳。餐點不追求浮誇,而是以「剛剛好」的份量與風味,陪伴每個平凡午後。如果你在找一間能邊吃邊聊天、拍照也漂亮的早午餐店,NINI 會是你在公益路上最不費力的幸福選擇。 加分100%浜中特選昆布鍋物|平價卻用心的湯頭系火鍋,家庭聚餐好選擇
在公益路這條高質感餐廳林立的戰場上,加分100%浜中特選昆布鍋物 走的是截然不同的路線。它沒有浮誇的裝潢、也沒有高價位的套餐,但靠著實在的湯頭與親切的服務,默默吸引許多回頭客。每到用餐時間,總能看到家庭或情侶三兩成群地圍著鍋邊聊天。 餐點特色
主打 北海道浜中昆布湯底,湯頭清澈卻不單薄,越煮越能喝出海藻與柴魚的自然香氣。 用餐體驗整體氛圍偏家庭取向,桌距寬敞、座位舒適,帶小孩來也不覺擁擠。店員態度親切,補湯、收盤都很勤快,給人一種「被照顧著」的安心感。 綜合評分
地址:403臺中市西區公益路288號電話:0910855180 小結語加分100%浜中特選昆布鍋物是一間「不浮誇、但會讓人想再訪」的火鍋店。它不追求豪華擺盤,而是用最簡單的湯頭與新鮮食材,傳遞出家常卻不平凡的溫度。 印月餐廳|中式料理的藝術演繹,宴客與家庭聚會首選
說到臺中公益路的中式料理代表,印月餐廳 絕對是榜上有名。這間開業多年的餐廳以「中菜西吃」的概念聞名,把傳統中式料理以現代手法重新詮釋。從建築外觀到餐具擺設,每個細節都散發著低調的典雅氣息。 餐點特色
印月最令人印象深刻的是他們將傳統中菜融入創意手法。 用餐體驗服務方面完全對得起餐廳的高級定位。從入座、點餐到上菜節奏,都拿捏得恰如其分。每道菜都會有服務人員細心介紹食材與吃法,讓人感受到「被款待」的尊榮感。 綜合評分
地址:408臺中市南屯區公益路二段818號電話:0422511155 小結語印月餐廳是一間「不只吃飯,更像品味生活」的地方。 KoDō 和牛燒肉|極致職人精神,專為儀式感與頂級味覺而生
若要形容 KoDō 和牛燒肉 的用餐體驗,一句話足以總結——「像在欣賞一場關於肉的表演」。 餐點特色
這裡主打 日本A5和牛冷藏肉,以「精切厚燒」的方式呈現。 用餐體驗KoDō 的最大特色是「儀式感」。 綜合評分
地址:403臺中市西區公益路260號電話:0423220312 官網:https://www.facebook.com/kodo2018/ 小結語KoDō 和牛燒肉不是日常餐廳,而是一場體驗。 永心鳳茶|在茶香裡用餐的優雅時光,臺味早午餐的新詮釋
走進 永心鳳茶公益店,彷彿進入一間有氣質的茶館。 餐點特色
永心鳳茶的餐點結合中式靈魂與西式擺盤,無論是「炸雞腿飯」還是「紅玉紅茶拿鐵」,都能讓人感受到熟悉卻不平凡的味道。 用餐體驗店內服務人員態度溫和,對茶品介紹詳盡。上餐節奏剛好,不急不徐。 綜合評分
地址:40360臺中市西區公益路68號三樓(勤美誠品)電話:0423221118 小結語永心鳳茶讓人重新定義「臺味」。 三希樓|老饕級江浙功夫菜,穩重又帶人情味的中式饗宴
位於公益路上的 三希樓 是許多臺中老饕的口袋名單。 餐點特色
三希樓的菜色以 江浙與港式料理 為主,兼顧傳統與現代風味。 用餐體驗三希樓的服務給人一種老派但貼心的感覺。 綜合評分
地址:408臺中市南屯區公益路二段95號電話:0423202322 官網:https://www.sanxilou.com.tw/ 小結語三希樓是一間「吃得出功夫」的餐廳。 一笈壽司|低調奢華的無菜單日料,職人手藝詮釋旬味極致
在熱鬧的公益路上,一笈壽司 低調得幾乎不顯眼。 餐點特色
一笈壽司採 Omakase(無菜單料理) 形式,每一餐都由主廚根據當日食材設計。 用餐體驗整場用餐約90分鐘,節奏緩慢但沉穩。 綜合評分
地址:408臺中市南屯區公益路二段25號電話:0423206368 官網:https://www.facebook.com/YIJI.sushi/ 小結語一笈壽司是一間真正讓人「放慢呼吸」的餐廳。 茶六燒肉堂|人氣爆棚的和牛燒肉聖地,肉香與幸福感同時滿分
若要票選公益路上「最難訂位」的餐廳,茶六燒肉堂 絕對名列前茅。 餐點特色
茶六主打 和牛燒肉套餐,價格約落在 $700–$1000 間,份量與品質兼具。 用餐體驗茶六的服務效率相當高。店員親切、換網勤快、補水速度快,整場用餐流程流暢無壓力。 綜合評分
地址:403臺中市西區公益路268號電話:0423281167 官網:https://inline.app/booking/-L93VSXuz8o86ahWDRg0:inline-live-karuizawa/-LUYUEIOYwa7GCUpAFWA 小結語茶六燒肉堂用「穩定品質+輕奢氛圍」抓住了臺中年輕族群的心。 吃完10家公益路餐廳後的心得與結語吃完這十家餐廳後,臺中公益路不只是一條美食街,而是一段生活風景線。 有的餐廳講究細膩與儀式感,像 一頭牛日式燒肉 與 一笈壽司,讓人感受到食材最純粹的美好 有的則以親切與溫度打動人心,像 加分昆布鍋物、永心鳳茶,讓人明白吃飯不只是為了飽足,而是一種被照顧的幸福。 而像茶六燒肉堂、TANG Zhan 湯棧 這類人氣名店,則用穩定的品質與熱絡的氛圍,成為許多臺中人心中「想吃肉就去那裡」的代名詞。 這十家店,構成了公益路最動人的縮影 有華麗的,也有溫柔的;有傳統的,也有創新的。 每一家都在自己的風格裡發光,讓人吃到的不只是料理,而是一種生活的溫度與節奏。 對我而言,這不僅是一場美食旅程,更是一趟關於「臺中味道」的回憶之旅。 FAQ:關於臺中公益路美食常見問題Q1:公益路哪一區的餐廳最集中? Q2:需要提前訂位嗎? 最後的話若要用一句話形容這趟美食之旅,我會說: KoDō 和牛燒肉春酒場面夠體面嗎? 如果你也和我一樣喜歡用味蕾探索一座城市,那就把這篇公益路美食攻略收藏起來吧。一笈壽司單點比較好嗎? 無論是約會、慶生、家庭聚餐,或只是想犒賞一下辛苦的自己——這條路上永遠會有一間剛剛好的餐廳在等你。一笈壽司價位會不會太高? 下一餐,不妨從這10家開始。三希樓過年期間會開門嗎? 打開手機、約上朋友,讓公益路成為你生活裡最容易抵達的小確幸。一笈壽司飲料值得加點嗎? 如果你有私心愛店,也歡迎留言分享,一笈壽司需要訂位嗎? 你的推薦,可能讓我下一趟美食旅程變得更精彩。茶六燒肉堂座位舒適嗎? New research has uncovered significant age-related changes in lipid metabolism across different organs and sexes in mice, highlighting the accumulation of specific lipids produced by gut bacteria. The findings, which also include the identification of a gene causing sex differences in the kidneys, could improve our understanding of age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s and atherosclerosis. This research provides a foundation for future studies on the human lipidome and microbiome, potentially leading to targeted treatments for these conditions. Credit: RIKEN RIKEN Center researchers have found key age-related changes in mice’s lipid metabolism, potentially improving treatments for age-related diseases. Researchers at the RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS) have identified multiple age-related alterations in lipid metabolism in mice, affecting various organs and differing by sex. Notably, they observed a systemic accumulation of specific lipids originating from gut bacteria as the mice aged. Additionally, the study revealed a sex-related difference in the kidneys and identified a gene linked to this variation. Published in Nature Aging, these findings could enhance our understanding of chronic age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s, atherosclerosis, kidney disease, and cancer. Lipids, often in the form of fats or oils, are essential molecules for storing energy in our bodies, among other things. In addition, lipids act as signaling molecules and as components of cell membranes. Metabolism—the breakdown of biomolecules such as lipids and sugars into their component parts—slows down as we age, which helps explain why it’s easier to gain weight, and more difficult to lose it, as we get older. Although this has been known for over 50 years, how changes in lipid metabolism in particular affects lifespan and health remain unclear. In their recent study, Hiroshi Tsugawa and his team at RIKEN IMS reasoned that before this question can be fully answered, we need to know what the actual changes are, in great detail. Only then can scientists begin looking for links between aging lipid metabolism and human health. Toward this end, they used mice to develop an atlas of age-related changes in lipid metabolites. By using a cutting-edge technique to take multiple snapshots of the mouse lipidome—all lipid metabolites present in a biological sample—the researchers found that BMP-type lipids increased with age in the kidneys, liver, lungs, muscles, spleen, and small intestine of the mice. These lipids play key roles in cholesterol transport and the breakdown of biomolecules within cellular recycling centers called lysosomes. Age-related lysosomal damage might result in cells making more BMPs, which could lead to further metabolic changes, such as increasing cholesterol derivatives in the kidney. Gut Bacteria and Lipid Changes The researchers also investigated the impact of gut bacteria on the lipidome, discovering that while gut bacteria produced many structurally unique lipids, only sulfonolipids increased with age in the liver, kidney, and spleen. In fact, no other group of lipid metabolites from gut bacteria were even detected in these peripheral tissues. “As this kind of lipid is known to be involved in regulating immune responses, the next phase of our research will involve testing the gut bacteria-derived sulfonolipids to determine their structure and physiological functions,” says Tsugawa. The researchers also found age-related sex differences in the mouse lipidome, particularly in the kidneys, with levels of the lipid metabolite galactosylceramide being higher in older male mice than in older females. This discrepancy was attributed to increased expression of the UGT8 gene in male mice. Understanding sex-specific metabolic differences like this could shed light on susceptibility to age-related diseases in humans. “Our research has comprehensively characterized the changes in the lipidome that occur in the mouse with aging. In doing so, we have created at atlas that will serve as an important global resource,” says Tsugawa. “Next, we must extend this type of study to the human lipidome and microbiome.” The findings highlight the importance of understanding how lipid metabolism changes as we age, and the potential of targeting the lipidome when designing treatments for age-related diseases. Reference: “A lipidome landscape of aging in mice” by Hiroshi Tsugawa, Tomoaki Ishihara, Kota Ogasa, Seigo Iwanami, Aya Hori, Mikiko Takahashi, Yutaka Yamada, Naoko Satoh-Takayama, Hiroshi Ohno, Aki Minoda and Makoto Arita, 12 April 2024, Nature Aging. DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00610-6 Recent research used a database to study over 2900 orchid species, highlighting their diverse and specialized pollination strategies, including high reliance on deceit. While orchids have contributed significantly to understanding floral adaptations, much remains to be discovered, especially regarding orchid species in underrepresented regions. A Global Database of Pollination Data for Almost 3000 Orchid Species A recent study published in the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society utilized a database to highlight the astonishing diversity of specialized pollination tactics orchids possess, which vary across the world. The recently published database contains over 2900 orchid species, detailing information on the identity of their pollinators and how they attract them. Importantly, the database reveals patterns of reproductive biology by habitat, geography, and taxonomy. “From these data, we identify general patterns and knowledge gaps limiting our understanding of orchid biology at the global level,” Dr Phillips said. Charles Darwin used orchids to study evolution, believing their elaborate flower was an adaptation to enhance the probability of transferring pollen between plants – thereby increasing their offspring’s fitness. “Because of the unusual floral traits and often unconventional pollination attraction strategies, orchids have been at the forefront of understanding floral adaptations to pollinators,” Dr Phillips said. Indeed, Darwin famously predicted that the Madagascan orchid Angraecum sesquipedale – with its 40 cm long nectar spur – would be pollinated by a moth with an equally long and outlandish proboscis. Using the new database, the research paper, led by Dr. James Ackerman from the University of Puerto Rico, found that over 75% of orchid species are dependent on pollinators for reproduction. Interestingly, almost half of the orchids studied did not provide any kind of reward for visiting animals – instead, they used deceit to attract pollinators. As is the case for many orchids, the Dragon Orchid (Caladenia barbarossa) is pollinated by just a single species of insect. Here, pollination occurs via a male thynnine wasp, which is sexually attracted to the flower through mimicry of the wasp’s sex pheromones. In this photo the male wasp removes and deposits pollen in the process of attempting to copulate with the flower. Credit: Dr Ryan Phillips, La Trobe University Orchids tended to specialize on just one main pollinator species – be they living in the rainforests of Costa Rica or the montane grasslands of South Africa – but this trend was even stronger for those using deception. Study co-author, Dr. Noushka Reiter, said that “specializing on one pollinator species leaves many orchids particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic threats including climate change. With the loss of pollinators, we would also lose these pollinator-dependent orchid species.” The pollination strategies developed by orchids read like a crime thriller – indeed, Australia is the world epicenter of pollination by sexual mimicry, where a host of different insect groups – from wasps to bees to gnats – are duped by this elaborate rouse. In South Africa, orchids mimic carrion, on Reunion Island they mimic rainforest fruits and in Brazil, they mimic the smell of aphids – all with the aim of deceiving pollinators. More romantically, in the American tropics, 100s of orchid species provide fragrance to certain bees, which collect them and incorporate them into their courtship bouquet. Science Fiction? In Australia, there is even a sexually deceptive orchid known as Caladenia barbarella – which means little beard in Latin (in reference to the flower) but also refers to the comic book character of the same name who was infamous for her sexual exploits. Dr. Phillips said that a surprising finding of the database was that “a hallmark of the orchid family is the high proportion of species that employ deceit to attract pollinators by exploiting the sensory abilities of pollinators via chemical, visual or tactile stimuli, generally in combination,” he said. Orchids exhibit two major forms of deceit. The first involves food deception, whereby the orchid may look or smell like a type of food to attract a pollinator. The second form of deceitful pollination is sexual deception, where male pollinators are enticed to visit flowers that provide visual, tactile, and/or olfactory signals that are indicative of a female insect. “The floral signals can be so persuasive that insects attempt copulation and may even ejaculate,” Dr Phillips said. “I’ve even had the wasps fly in through the car window at the traffic lights and start making love to the orchids specimens on the front seat”. Far from being a freak occurrence, this strategy is now known from 20 genera around the world, including 100s of orchid species. To date, a third means of deception, known as brood-site deception, which typically involves mimicry of larval food such as mushrooms, dung, and carrion to attract female flies looking for a food source on which to lay eggs – was considered more common in some other families of flowering plants and rarely seen in orchids. According to the Database: In terms of scientific study, Australasia and Africa have 15 and 20% coverage of their orchid diversity, respectively, whereas orchid floras of Temperate Asia, Tropical Asia, and South America are much under-represented Approximately 76% of orchid species are entirely dependent on pollinators for reproduction. Highly specialized pollination systems are frequent, with approximately 55% of orchids studied having just a single known pollinator species. 54% of orchid species offer pollinator rewards, and about half of those (51%) produce nectar. Orchids that are pollinated by insects collecting floral fragrances account for 24% of the rewarding species, whereas those that produce floral oils account for c. 15%. The remaining 10% comprises species that offer trichomes (food hairs, pseudopollen), resins, pollen, or sleep sites. Deception, including food, brood-site, and sexual deception, was recorded in 46% of the species in the database. Food deception was the most frequently recorded means of deception accounting for 60% of deceptive species. Sexual deception accounted for 38% of the records for pollination by deceit and is present in 20 orchid genera. Wasps and bees are the group that make up the most common type of pollinator with flies and mosquitoes coming in a close second The authors caution that there is much data collecting yet to be done. “Despite containing over 2900 species, our database covers less than 10% of the family. While they are centres of orchid diversity, the tropical regions of Africa, Southern America, and Asia, are significantly under-represented in orchid pollination studies, especially among epiphytic orchids,” Dr Phillips said. “The study of orchid pollination provides a tremendous opportunity to discover new and bizarre pollination strategies and to understand the adaptations that flowering plants to attract pollinators. While the tropics is the big unknown in orchid biology, many of the best-known Australian orchids have not been studied in detail. “Aside from scientific interest, this has important practical implications for conservation, given that many orchid species are reliant on one primary pollinator species for their persistence,” Dr Phillips said. Reference: “Beyond the various contrivances by which orchids are pollinated: global patterns in orchid pollination biology” by James D Ackerman, Ryan D Phillips, Raymond L Tremblay, Adam Karremans, Noushka Reiter, Craig I Peter, Diego Bogarín, Oscar A Pérez-Escobar and Hong Liu, 11 March 2023, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boac082 Research led by Stanford University reveals that life can persist in extremely salty environments, a significant discovery for understanding habitability in our solar system and the effects of salinity on Earth’s ecosystems. Credit: SciTechDaily.com A Stanford study on microbes in extremely salty water suggests life may survive conditions previously thought to be uninhabitable. The research widens the possibilities for where life may be found throughout our solar system and shows how changes in salinity may affect life in aquatic habitats on Earth. New research led by Stanford University scientists predicts life can persist in extremely salty environments, beyond the limit previously thought possible. The study, published on December 22 in Science Advances, is based on analysis of metabolic activity in thousands of individual cells found in brines from industrial ponds on the coast of Southern California, where water is evaporated from seawater to harvest salt. The results expand our understanding of the potential habitable space throughout our solar system, and of the possible consequences of some earthly aquatic habitats becoming saltier as a result of drought and water diversion. The Search for Extraterrestrial Life “We can’t look everywhere, so we have to be really deliberate about where and how we try to find life on other planets,” said senior study author Anne Dekas, an assistant professor of Earth system science in the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability. “Having as much information as we can about where and how life survives in extreme environments on Earth allows us to prioritize targets for life-detection missions elsewhere, and increases our chances of success.” The Oceans Across Space and Time research team collected brine from South Bay Salt Works during an initial field trip in 2019. Credit: Anne Dekas Scientists interested in detecting life beyond Earth have long studied salty environments knowing that liquid water is necessary for life, and salt allows water to remain liquid at a wider range of temperatures. Salt can also preserve signs of life, like pickles in brine. “We think that salty places are good candidates for finding signs of past or present life,” said lead study author Emily Paris, a PhD student in Earth system science who is part of the Dekas Lab. “Salt could be the very thing that makes another planet habitable, even though it’s also an inhibitor to life in high concentrations on Earth.” “Having as much information as we can about where and how life survives in extreme environments on Earth allows us to prioritize targets for life-detection missions elsewhere, and increases our chances of success.” Anne Dekas, Assistant Professor of Earth System Science The new research is part of a large collaboration called Oceans Across Space and Time led by Cornell University professor Britney Schmidt and funded by NASA’s Astrobiology Program, which brings together microbiologists, geochemists, and planetary scientists. Their goal: to understand how ocean worlds and life co-evolve to produce detectable signs of life, past or present. Understanding the conditions that make an ocean world habitable, and developing better ways to detect signals of biological activity, are steps toward predicting where life could be found elsewhere in the solar system. Impact of Changing Salinities on Earth Paris says we should also consider how changing salinities impact ecosystems here on Earth. For example, receding water levels in Utah’s Great Salt Lake have caused an increase in salinity that could affect life all the way up the food chain. “Beyond a life-detection perspective, understanding the impact of salinity is important for conservation and sustainability on Earth,” Paris said. “Our research shows how increasing salinity changes microbial community composition and rates of microbial metabolism. These factors can impact nutrient cycling, as well as the lives of crustaceans and insects, which are essential food sources for migratory birds and other aquatic animals. Co-lead study authors Emily Paris and Nestor Arandia-Gorostidi prepare incubations of brine from South Bay Salt Works. Credit: Anne Dekas Discovering Life in the Saltiest Waters on Earth Travelers flying over salt ponds like those at the South Bay Salt Works – where samples for this study were collected – or along the San Francisco Bay can spot a kaleidoscope of some of Earth’s heartiest microbes glowing neon green, rusty red, pink, and orange. The patchwork of colors reflects the array of aquatic microbes adapted to survive at different levels of salinity, or what scientists call “water activity” – the amount of water available for biological reactions that allow microbes to grow. “We’re curious to find out at what point water activity becomes too low, salinity becomes too high, and where microbial life can no longer survive,” said Paris. Seawater has a water activity level of about 0.98, compared to 1 for pure water. Most microbes stop dividing below water activity of 0.9, and the absolute lowest water activity level reported to sustain cell division in a laboratory setting is just over 0.63. In the new study, the researchers predicted a new limit of life. They estimate life could be active at levels as low as 0.54. The Stanford scientists teamed up with colleagues from around the country to collect samples from the South Bay Salt Works, home to some of the saltiest waters on Earth. They filled hundreds of bottles with brine from ponds of varying salinity levels at the salt works, then drove them back to Stanford for analysis. Bottles of brine incubate in a temperature and light-controlled chamber in the lab before scientists analyze the activities of the microbes inside. Credit: Anne Dekas Finding Life Faster Previous studies looking for the water-activity limit of life have used pure cultures to look for the point at which cell division stops, marking the endpoint of life. But in these extreme conditions, life doubles painfully slowly. If researchers rely on cell division as their test of when life ceases, they face years-long lab experiments that aren’t practical for graduate students like Paris. Even when conducted, studies on cell division don’t indicate when life dies; indeed, cells may be metabolically active and still very much alive, even when not replicating. So Paris and Dekas looked at microbes from open-air salt ponds to identify a different limit of life – the limit of cellular activity. The research team made three key improvements to previous research. First, instead of using pure cultures, which are a scientist’s standard best guess at which particular species or strain of microbe is going to be the most resilient, they went to an actual ecosystem. At the salt works, the environment naturally selected for a complex community of organisms best adapted to those particular conditions. Second, the researchers used a more flexible definition of life. They considered not only cell division, but also cell building as a sign of life. “It’s a little like observing a human eating a meal, or growing. It’s a sign of active life, and a necessary precursor of replication, but much faster to observe,” Dekas said. In hundreds of brine samples – some of them so salty they were thick as syrup – they identified the water activity level and how much if any carbon and nitrogen was being incorporated into cells found in the brines. With this approach, they were able to detect when a cell increased its biomass by as little as half of 1%. By contrast, conventional methods focused on cell division can only detect biological activity after cells have roughly doubled their biomass. Then, based on how this process slowed as water activity decreased, the scientists predicted the cutoff for it would stop altogether. Third, while other scientists have measured carbon and nitrogen incorporation in brines at a bulk level, the Stanford team conducted a cell-by-cell analysis with a rare instrument at Stanford called a nanoSIMS – one of only a handful in the country. This sensitive technique allowed them to observe activity in individual cells in the midst of other “pickled” cells whose presence would obscure the signal of activity in a bulk analysis, and achieve their low detection limit. “Single-cell activity analysis of environmental samples is still pretty rare,” said Dekas. “It was key to our analysis here, and as it is more widely applied I think we will see advances in microbial ecology that are broadly relevant, from understanding global climate to human health. We are still only beginning to understand the microbial world at the single-cell level.” Reference: “Single-cell analysis in hypersaline brines predicts a water-activity limit of microbial anabolic activity” by Emily R. Paris, Nestor Arandia-Gorostidi, Benjamin Klempay, Jeff S. Bowman, Alexandra Pontefract, Claire E. Elbon, Jennifer B. Glass, Ellery D. Ingall, Peter T. Doran, Sanjoy M. Som, Britney E. Schmidt and Anne E. Dekas, 22 December 2023, Science Advances. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj3594 Anne Dekas is also an assistant professor by courtesy, of oceans and of Earth and planetary sciences. The research is supported by NASA’s Oceans Across Space and Time Project, led by Cornell University, and the Simons Foundation through an Early Career Investigator Award to Dekas. RRG455KLJIEVEWWF 印月餐廳單點比較好嗎? 》公益路美食懶人包|台中10大人氣餐廳一次看TANG Zhan 湯棧值得專程去嗎? 》公益路最強美食推薦|10家吃過會愛上的餐廳加分100%浜中特選昆布鍋物有提供尾牙方案嗎? 》台中公益路必吃清單|10家熱門餐廳完整評測 |
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