在心臟、肝臟、腎臟皆無異狀，亦無靜脈血栓等情形的狀況下，卻有長時間有雙腿不對稱腫脹不消，甚至出現小腿脹痛及色素沉澱，小心！可能患有「髂靜脈壓迫症候群」卻不自知。

國泰綜合醫院心臟內科主治醫師張嘉修指出，髂靜脈位於骨盆腔中肚臍後靠近脊椎的位置，會產生壓迫是因髂靜脈跟髂動脈有一小段重疊，當年齡老化，動脈可能產生硬化現象、或因骨盆前傾或歪斜時，髂靜脈就可能被壓迫。

髂靜脈壓迫症候群常好發於50歲以上年長女性、活動力旺盛的年輕男性、孕婦及膀胱疾病、腫瘤、先天異位腎臟等患者。

根據統計，髂靜脈壓迫症候群發生率約20%，其實並不少見。很多人可能患有髂靜脈壓迫卻不自知，是因輕度的靜脈受壓，不會出現症狀；若長期受到嚴重壓迫，會造成靜脈血液回流障礙和下肢靜脈壓力升高，有2%至5%患者會出現臨床症狀。

髂靜脈壓迫的症狀，輕則下肢水腫脹痛、色素沉著，重則皮膚潰瘍或併發靜脈血栓，甚至有時會造成男性精索靜脈曲張和不育。

張嘉修表示，髂靜脈壓迫症候群在臨床上很容易被忽視且不易診斷，在國內外報導的病例絕大多數都是在治療靜脈血栓時被發現的，但對於非血栓性的髂靜脈壓迫現象，因診斷不易尤其應小心注意。目前最可靠的診斷方法有下肢靜脈攝影及血管內超音波檢查。其中血管內超音波檢查是近年開始發展的技術，對於確定病灶原因、評估是否合併血栓及血管內治療的位置等很有幫助。

張嘉修提醒，症狀輕微的病人，建議可每天抬高患肢，避免長時間久坐或久站，或穿著減壓彈性襪；症狀嚴重的患者，可在病灶處行氣球擴張和置放自膨式靜脈支架，不僅傷口小、復原快，成效顯著，為現在主流治療方式。

髂靜脈壓迫症候群常合併血栓形成，若無血栓則診斷不易，張嘉修呼籲，若長時間雙腿不對稱腫脹，除了需要適時運動及補充水分預防血栓形成，更應及早就醫檢查，以免釀成大禍。

In the condition that the heart, liver, and kidney are not abnormal, and there is no venous thrombosis, there is a long-term asymmetric swelling of the legs, and even calf pain and pigmentation, be careful! May have "sacral vein compression syndrome" but do not know.

Zhang Jiaxiu, chief physician of cardiology at Cathay General Hospital, pointed out that the iliac vein is located near the spine in the pelvic cavity near the spine. The compression is due to a small overlap between the iliac vein and the iliac artery. When the aging is old, the artery may be hardened or caused by the pelvis. When the front is tilted or skewed, the iliac vein may be oppressed.

The iliac vein compression syndrome is often reported in older women over the age of 50, young males with active mobility, pregnant women, and bladder diseases, tumors, and congenital ectopic kidneys.

According to statistics, the incidence of iliac vein compression syndrome is about 20%, which is not uncommon. Many people may suffer from iliac vein compression but do not know it. It is caused by mild venous compression and no symptoms. If it is severely compressed for a long time, it will cause venous blood reflux disorder and lower extremity venous pressure, 2% to Clinical symptoms appear in 5% of patients.

Symptoms of iliac vein compression, such as lower extremity edema, hyperpigmentation, severe skin ulcers or complicated venous thrombosis, and sometimes even male varicocele and infertility.

Zhang Jiaxiu said that the iliac vein compression syndrome is easily overlooked and difficult to diagnose clinically. Most of the cases reported at home and abroad are found in the treatment of venous thrombosis, but for non-thrombotic iliac vein compression, due to It is not easy to diagnose, especially care should be taken. The most reliable diagnostic methods available today are lower extremity venography and intravascular ultrasound. Among them, intravascular ultrasound examination is a technique that has been developed in recent years, which is helpful for determining the cause of the lesion, evaluating whether the thrombus is combined, and the location of the endovascular treatment.

Zhang Jiaxiu reminded that patients with mild symptoms suggest that the affected limbs should be raised every day to avoid prolonged sedentary or standing for a long time, or wearing decompression elastic socks. In patients with severe symptoms, balloon expansion and self-expansion can be performed at the lesion. Intravenous stents not only have small wounds, but also have quick recovery and remarkable results, which are the mainstream treatment methods.

The iliac vein compression syndrome often combines with thrombosis. If there is no thrombus, the diagnosis is not easy. Zhang Jiaxiu appeals that if the legs are asymmetrically swollen for a long time, in addition to timely exercise and water supplementation to prevent thrombosis, it is necessary to check the doctor as soon as possible to avoid a major disaster. .

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