根據英國耳鳴學會指出，全世界約有10%的人口抱有耳鳴的困擾！耳鳴是很常見的症狀，而國際知名期刊《公共科學圖書館—綜合》（PLoS ONE）最近刊載的一篇研究發現：年輕時出現耳鳴症狀，未來罹患腦中風的風險會大增！

該篇研究的計劃主持人為大林慈濟醫院耳鼻喉科醫師暨睡眠中心主任黃俊豪，他透過台灣健保資料庫分析研究，從2000～2010年期間，將20～45歲的男女性國人分為兩組，篩選出患有缺血性腦中風的3474人，以及另外未患有腦中風的17萬3702人。

接著，分析兩組先前是否曾因耳鳴症狀求診，結果發現，耳鳴病患發生缺血性腦中風的風險高，發生率是無耳鳴症狀的1.66倍，尤其腦中風更有年輕化趨勢，20～30歲年齡層中，耳鳴病患將來發生缺血性腦中風的機率更高達4.11倍，而30～40歲年齡層耳鳴病患則會增加2.19倍。

耳鳴原因

國軍新竹地區醫院耳鼻喉科主任郭錦龍曾撰文提到，台灣約10～15%的成年人都抱有耳鳴的困擾！而耳鳴甚至會引起病患強烈的不安感，先前有一名退休老師因耳鳴而感到萬分痛苦，病急亂求醫之下，甚至有民俗療法的氣功師父告訴她，她的耳朵裡有137隻鬼在作祟！

耳鳴絕非耳朵中住著惡靈，但其成因卻很複雜，宏仁診所耳鼻喉科醫師李宏信便曾在受訪時提到，耳鳴可能是因胃食道逆流或是短期壓力過大所產生，而多數的耳鳴則是因內耳機能老化，且內耳血管窄小，使循環惡化，造成氧氣與養分無法充分傳輸到內耳，而導致神經萎縮。

耳朵神經老化如何造成耳鳴？

日本國際醫療福祉大學醫學部生理學教授岡本秀彥去年發表一篇研究，發現隨著年紀增長，耳朵神經接收高頻率聲音的能力較弱，當難以聽見高音後，抑制周遭雜音的神經機能也會衰弱。laennec例如在嘈雜聲中打電話時，抑制系神經會降低雜音的接收，讓電話中的聲音聽起來更清晰。

此外，大腦因聽不清高頻聲音，會對神經發出「增加對高頻聲音感知的敏感度吧！」的指令。因此，即使周遭沒有發出高頻聲音，神經仍會一直保持對高頻聲音的敏感度。久而久之，明明周遭安靜無聲，負責接收高頻聲音的神經，則會開始自發性活動而發出聲響，形成耳鳴症狀。

然而，因抑制系神經的衰弱，則無法壓抑神經自發性地發出聲響，而會使耳鳴症狀無法獲得改善，且因耳鳴症狀持續發生時，病患容易被不安與恐懼感壟罩，導致發生耳鳴時，會對耳鳴症狀更加敏感，這樣的惡性循環則可能因睡不著而失眠。

改善耳鳴的對策

1. 使用助聽器：耳鳴可能是因內耳老化，無法聽到高頻聲音，使得神經自發性活動而產生，岡本教授便提到，透過使用助聽器，可幫助耳朵自然地聽見高頻聲音，就可避免神經自發性地發出聲音，同時還能回復抑制性神經的機能，讓神經慢慢回復正常運作，減少耳鳴的發生。laennec
2. 就寢時放音樂或大自然的環境音：岡本教授提到，耳鳴患者最需避免的便是無聲環境，在無聲環境中，便無法接收到高頻聲音，進而會導致神經更頻繁地發出聲響，使耳鳴症狀更加惡化。因此可在就寢時播放喜歡的音樂，或是大自然的環境音，都有助於放鬆心情，並避免處於無聲環境中，也能改善因耳鳴引起的失眠問題。

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According to the British Tinnitus Society, about 10% of the world's population suffer from tinnitus! Tinnitus is a very common symptom, and a recent study published by the internationally renowned journal PLoS ONE found that tinnitus symptoms occur in youth, and the risk of stroke in the future will increase greatly!

laennecThe planner of the study was Huang Junhao, director of the Otolaryngology Physician and Sleep Center of Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital. He analyzed the research on the Taiwan Health Insurance Database. From 2000 to 2010, the male and female people aged 20 to 45 were divided into two. In the group, 3474 people with ischemic stroke were screened, and 173,702 people who did not have a stroke were also included.

Then, it was analyzed whether the two groups had previously consulted for tinnitus symptoms. It was found that the risk of ischemic stroke was high in tinnitus patients, and the incidence rate was 1.66 times that of no tinnitus symptoms, especially the stroke was more young. 20 In the age group of 30 years old, the incidence of ischemic stroke in the tinnitus patients is 4.11 times higher, and the tinnitus patients in the 30-40 age group will increase by 2.19 times.

Causes of tinnitus

Guo Jinlong, director of the Department of Otolaryngology at the Hsinchu Regional Hospital of the National Army, once wrote that about 10 to 15% of adults in Taiwan are suffering from tinnitus! The tinnitus may even cause a strong sense of uneasiness in the patient. Previously, a retired teacher felt extremely painful because of tinnitus. Under the rush of medical treatment, even the qigong master who had folklore therapy told her that there were 137 ghosts in her ears. At work!

Tinnitus is not the evil spirit in the ear, but its cause is very complicated. Li Hongxin, an otolaryngologist at Hongren Clinic, mentioned in the interview that tinnitus may be caused by gastroesophageal reflux or short-term pressure. Most of the tinnitus is due to the aging of the earphones, and the narrow blood vessels in the inner ear make the circulation worse, causing the oxygen and nutrients not to be fully transmitted to the inner ear, resulting in nerve atrophy.

How does ear nerve aging cause tinnitus?

Professor Okamoto Sho, a professor of physiology at the International Medical and Health University of Japan, published a study last year and found that the ear nerves have a weaker ability to receive high-frequency sounds as they grow older. When it is difficult to hear high-pitched sounds, the nerve function that suppresses the surrounding noises will also be weak. For example, when making a call in a noisy voice, suppressing the nerves will reduce the reception of the noise and make the sound in the phone sound clearer.

In addition, because the brain can't hear high-frequency sounds, it will send instructions to the nerves to increase the sensitivity to high-frequency sound perception! Therefore, even if no high-frequency sound is emitted around, the nerve will remain sensitive to high-frequency sound. Over time, the nerves that are quiet and silent, responsible for receiving high-frequency sounds, will begin to spontaneously act and make a sound, forming a tinnitus symptom.

However, due to the suppression of the weakening of the nervous system, it is impossible to suppress the spontaneous sound of the nerve, and the symptoms of tinnitus cannot be improved, and when the symptoms of tinnitus continue to occur, the patient is easily disturbed by uneasiness and fear, resulting in tinnitus. When it is more sensitive to tinnitus symptoms, such a vicious circle may be insomnia due to lack of sleep.

Measures to improve tinnitus
Use of hearing aids: Tinnitus may be caused by aging of the inner ear, inability to hear high-frequency sounds, and spontaneous activity of the nerves. Professor Okamoto mentioned that by using hearing aids, the ear can naturally hear high-frequency sounds and avoid spontaneous spontaneity. The ground emits a sound, and at the same time it can restore the function of the inhibitory nerve, allowing the nerve to slowly return to normal operation and reduce the occurrence of tinnitus.
Putting music or nature's environmental sounds at bedtime: Professor Okamoto mentioned that the most important thing for tinnitus patients to avoid is the silent environment. In a silent environment, high-frequency sounds cannot be received, which in turn causes the nerves to make sounds more frequently. Make the symptoms of tinnitus worse. Therefore, playing your favorite music at bedtime, or the natural environment sounds, can help to relax, avoid being in a silent environment, and improve the insomnia caused by tinnitus.