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CULTURE
That’s Taboo！那是禁忌！(上)
大家說英語 20241205
taboo KK[təˋbu] DJ[təˋbu:]
n.禁忌，忌諱；戒律
修正英文文法，保留中文部分，同時將簡體中文修改為繁體中文 Here is the revised version of the text with the corrections made to the English grammar and conversion from Simplified Chinese to Traditional Chinese:
Hello everyone,
Welcome to Let’s Talk in English. I’m your teacher, Garrett,
and I’m Esther. Today, our topic is culture,
and today we’re talking about what’s taboo. Now, when I hear that word,
I think of an old board game called Taboo, in which
there were certain words
you couldn’t say,
and that’s kind of like what that word
“taboo” means in certain cultures.
Around the world,
there are things you shouldn’t do or say, right?
And we call those things “taboo.” Now, a culture is the way
a group of people think and act. It includes their traditions,
how they wear clothes,
and how they think and do things.
An important thing to know about taboos is that they’re not usually
things that are illegal per se, but if you do them,
people will think less of you.
People might think that you are trying to be rude or impolite,
well, maybe you just don’t know.
Let’s learn more about taboos
in today’s reading. In every culture,
some things are polite
and some are not. Taboos are very bad.
People should not do them. If they do,
others might get very upset. In the US,
not tipping a server is taboo. Asking someone how old they are
or if they are married is also rude. In Chinese culture,
people avoid the number four because it sounds like the word for death.
People also do not write people’s names in red.
That is also rude. Thank you,
Garrett, for telling us about some
taboos in the United States and in Chinese culture. Now,
let’s go to our Find It question.
Our question is: What is taboo in the US?
What is taboo in the US?
Friends, find the answer in our lesson
today, as we have a lot to learn. Now,
here’s Sonya with our keywords.
Susie 想要給 James 四個蘋果，
但是 James 說在華人的文化中，
有些人會避開 4 這個數字。
In Chinese culture,
some people avoid that number. The noun culture means culture,
and the verb avoid means to stay away from.
Because in Chinese, the word 四 (four) sounds like 死 (death),
the word for death. The noun death means death.
In American culture, some things are considered polite
while others are considered impolite.
In every culture,
some things are polite
and some things are not. The adjective polite
means courteous.
For example, asking someone their age
or whether they are married
is considered impolite because it invades privacy.
Are you married? The adjective married means married.
A friend gave me some apples.
I want to share some with you. Here, these four are for you.
Ah, thanks, Susie. That’s very nice of you. I’ll take three.
Take all four.
No thanks.
In Chinese culture,
some people avoid that number. Really?
Why is that? The word four in Chinese sounds like
the word for death,
and everyone wants to avoid that.
All right. Well,
we start our conversation off today with Susie.
She’s got some apples, right? Her friend
gave her some apples,
and she’s very kind.
She wants to share some of her apples with James. Yeah,
so she gives four apples to James. He’s thankful, of course,
but he only wants three of them. Susie wants him to take all four,
but James doesn’t want to take four because he says,
in Chinese culture,
some people avoid that number,
the number four.
Right, and we know
that part of James background is from Chinese culture. Now, again,
that word culture refers to all the things you do
because of the place
you’re from or the people group you belong to. The ways
you talk and the traditions you have. Now,
in Chinese culture,
people avoid the number four.
Right. If you avoid something,
it means you stay away from it,
you don’t like doing that, you don’t like that number. And Susie wants to know
why people avoid the number four.
Sonya, can you help us more with this word avoid?
James 說在華人文化裡，
有些人會避免 4 這個數字。
In Chinese culture,
some people avoid that number. The verb avoid means to stay away from.
We can use this verb with nouns or gerunds.
Let’s look at some examples with nouns.
He stays in the shade to avoid the sun.
他呆在陰涼處避開太陽。
She avoids dogs because she is afraid of them.
她避開狗，因為她害怕牠們。
Now, let’s look at examples with gerunds.
He avoids eating spicy food.
他避免吃辛辣的食物。
They avoid walking down dark streets.
他們避免走在黑暗的街道上。
Thank you, Sonya.
We don’t want to avoid you. No,
we don’t. Well, Susie is surprised to hear what James has to say,
but James explains it.
He says
that the word four in Chinese sounds like the word for death.
I have heard about this.
That’s right.
In Chinese, 四 (four) sounds similar to 死 (death). They have different tones,
but they sound similar. Now, when we talk about death,
we refer to people or things that are no longer living.
They’re no longer walking around on this earth, and of course,
that’s not a happy topic to talk about. So,
some people definitely avoid it. I think this taboo makes sense.
Right, Susie agrees.
She says everyone wants to avoid that—
avoid talking about death. Well, friends,
we have more to talk about right after this break.
Don’t go away.
Let’s talk in English every day,
every day, that’s the way.
Welcome back to the show, everyone.
It’s interesting that in some cultures,
numbers can be taboo. There is even a number in Western culture
that is also taboo. What number is
that, Garrett?
It is the number 13.
So sometimes when you go to hotels in the West,
there won’t be a 13th floor,
just like hotels in countries with Chinese culture
might not have a fourth floor.
That’s right.
Let’s continue and go to the next part of today’s lesson.
In every culture,
some things are polite,
and some things are not. True, every culture has taboos.
What about in the US? Well,
not tipping a server is taboo. That’s right.
It’s also rude to ask someone how old they are
or if they are married.
I know. And in Chinese culture,
writing someone’s name in red is very bad.
Interesting. I didn’t know that.
Now, in this part of our conversation,
we hear an important word that is very related to taboos,
and it’s the word polite. When you are polite,
you are kind,
or you speak in a way that makes people feel comfortable.
When you do taboos or do things
you’re not supposed to, it’s not polite,
because it makes people feel uncomfortable or upset.
Right?
When you are polite,
it shows people that you respect them.
You think their culture and background are important. Now,
we often learn growing up
that you shouldn’t lie to people or steal things or hurt people.
That’s a little different from being polite. When you are polite,
you are doing even better than that.
You’re not just avoiding those bad things,
but you are doing nice things, right?
And James tells us that in every culture,
there are things
people do that are polite and not polite.
Every culture has taboos.
James wants to know more about these in the US,
and we want to know the answer to our Find It question.
What is taboo in the US?
Not tipping a server.
Let’s talk about those tipping and server.
When you eat at a restaurant,
the person who gives or serves you
your food is called a server.
That’s right, and in the US and some other places,
you are expected to give a tip or to tip them.
That’s an extra bit of money that you give them
beyond the price of your meal, usually
about 15 percent or more. So, if something costs one dollar,
you will give them
an extra 15 to 20 cents. That might
not be expected where you live,
but in the US,
it is taboo not to tip. Friends, let’s go to Sonya to learn more.
Susi說這個嘛，
不給服務人員小費是一項禁忌。
Well, not tipping a server is taboo，像句中的tipping為例子。
如果單音節動詞的字尾是短母音加子音的時候，
要變成現在分詞或動名詞，就需要重複字尾的子音再加-ing。
我們來看例句：
Putting your clothes away is a good habit.
將衣服收拾好歸位是好習慣。
或是 Sitting on the sofa and watching TV is relaxing.
坐在沙發上看電視很輕鬆。
再一句 Running around the swimming pool is dangerous.
在游泳池邊跑來跑去很危險。
Thank you, Sonya.
Well, Susie continues and says,
it’s also rude to ask someone a few different questions.
Right, Susie mentions two questions.
The first question is How old are you?
It’s not polite to want to know someone’s age,
or the other question is Are you married?
You might think these are normal questions,
but people in the US don’t like it when they’re asked these.
Friends, did you hear the phrase it’s rude to ask?
Well, that’s today’s calendar phrase:
It’s rude to ask. It’s rude to ask
這樣問不禮貌。
How old are you?
It’s rude to ask.
Are you married?
It’s rude to ask.
How much do you weigh?
It’s rude to ask.
Oh, sorry.
Any more questions?
I’m afraid to ask, I don’t want to be rude.
It’s rude to ask,
It’s rude to ask
這樣問不禮貌。
Now, friends, let’s review today’s keywords. Here’s your first keyword: Culture, Culture.
He is interested in Chinese culture.
Polite, Polite.
It’s important to be polite.
Married, Married.
Paul and Penny are married.
Avoid, Avoid.
Lynn avoids Fred because he’s annoying.
Death, Death.
People don’t like to talk about death.
Friends, those are today’s keywords.
You’re doing a great job, and now it’s your turn.
Today’s words are: cultures, polite, married, avoid, and death.
Now, it’s your turn to use them in a sentence.
First one: Emma is to Cliff.
Great job! Emma is married to Cliff.
Next: There was a in the family.
That’s right! There was a death in the family.
Next: She is learning about other.
Correct! She is learning about other cultures.
Next: Thomas is traveling by plane.
Good job!
Thomas avoids traveling by plane.
Last one: Be and say thank you.
You’re right again! Be polite and say thank you.
Did you just say "thank you"?
You’re welcome! Be sure to come back again for your turn.
A friend gave me some apples.
I want to share some with you. Here, these four are for you.
Ah, thanks, Susie.
That’s very nice of you. I’ll take three.
Take all four.
No, thanks.
In Chinese culture, some people avoid that number.
Really? Why is that?
The word four in Chinese sounds like the word for death,
and everyone wants to avoid that.
In every culture, some things are polite and some things are not.
True. Every culture has taboos.
What about in the US?
Well, not tipping a server is taboo.
That’s right.
It’s also rude to ask someone How old are you?
or Are you married?
I know. And in Chinese culture, writing someone’s name in red is very bad.
Interesting. I didn’t know that.
Look what I have—ginger bananas!
Yay!
Are you going to share them with me?
Of course! I have lots of bananas. I’ll give you three.
Can I have four bananas?
No. In Chinese culture, we often avoid the number four.
Oh, interesting.
Some things are polite, and some things are not. I guess that’s true everywhere.
That’s right! Every culture has taboos.
Taboos, haha, that’s a funny word.
Asking someone how old they are is taboo in some cultures. Interesting.
Or asking someone if they’re married. Interesting.
The monkey culture also has taboos.
Really?
What taboos do monkeys have?
Oh, jumping on the bed.
Hmm, that’s taboo.
I didn’t know that.
Yeah, it’s taboo and dangerous. Hey, maybe I can have five bananas.
Oh hey, there! Welcome to Fun Time! I’m Gabe, and I mix it up!
Mikey, I have a funny name and I play a funny game.
I mix up letters in words.
Yeah, you sure do, and we have to guess the word, right?
And today we’re talking about taboos.
Yeah, taboos!
Every culture has them.
Oh, oh! You mean taboos!
Yeah!
A taboo is something that is rude.
Something that is not polite.
Rude and not polite. Hmm, not polite.
Oh! Something that is not polite, you guessed it!
For example, some questions are taboo.
Oh, like what?
Don’t ask How old are you?
Oh! How old?
That’s easy! Don’t ask How old are you?
Some people don’t like that. That is taboo.
Yeah, especially old people. They don’t like that. Well, what else isn’t polite?
Asking Are you married?
Married?
Hmm. Oh, don’t ask Are you married?
Yeah, don’t ask! It’s not polite.
It’s taboo.
Oh, there’s also a number that you should avoid.
A number?
Avoid!
Yeah! Oh, I know. In Asia, you should avoid the number four.
Yeah, four.
Yes, four.
You should avoid the number four, or in the US,
it’s rude if you don’t give a server a tip.
You mean if you don’t give a tip to the server?
Yeah.
Hey, this is a fun game, but it’s time to say goodbye.
Goodbye, everyone!
Yeah, we’ll see you later.
Hey!
Hey, wait!
Don’t forget to give a tip!
Oh, that’s right. I almost forgot. Yeah, here’s a little tip for you.
Oh, good!
You can mix it up,
but don’t mess it up.
That’s funny! I was hoping for money.
Well, we had a good time learning about taboos,
and there’s one we didn’t quite talk about yet.
And that is from Chinese culture: people don’t write names in red ink.
Right! So, if you’re going to visit a country where there are Chinese people,
remember not to write someone’s name using red ink.
Hmm, I made that mistake once and made someone a little bit unhappy.
Thankfully, I know about the taboo now, and I won’t make that mistake again.
What taboos do you have in your culture?
Maybe try saying it or writing it down and sharing that with someone else.
And of course, join us again tomorrow right here on Let’s Talk in English.
Goodbye!
That’s Taboo！那是禁忌！(下) 大家說英語 20241206
修正英文文法，保留中文部分，同時將簡體中文修改為繁體中文
Hello everyone,
Welcome to Let’s Talk in English.
My name is Esther.
And my name is Garrett. We’re back with another culture lesson.
The name of our lesson is That’s Taboo! Oh!
That’s Taboo. You never want to hear someone say that to you.
It means you’ve made a mistake in a specific culture.
You’ve done something that might make someone unhappy.
Right, we talked about this culture; it’s the way
a group of people think, talk,
act, and dress.
And we want to respect people’s different cultures. Exactly. So,
when you’re traveling or maybe even just visiting a household
with people from a different culture,
maybe look up how to be polite around them
and how to avoid different taboos, right?
If you avoid something,
it means you stay away from something.
Now, yesterday,
we learned that in the US,
one taboo is to ask people, "Are you married?"
or "How old are you?"
These are questions that many people don’t want to hear.
And if you are around Chinese people,
don’t write their names down in red ink
or use the number four too much, right?
Those are some taboos in Chinese culture.
Now, let’s go to today’s "Find It" question.
Our question is: When might a host
think you didn’t like the meal?
Friends, find the answer to that question in today’s lesson.
Now, let’s go to Sonya for today’s keywords.
Sira說，在日本邊走邊吃
東西或是喝東西也是沒禮貌的。
It’s also impolite in Japan to eat or drink
while walking.
形容詞 impolite 就是沒禮貌的。
而連接詞 while 就是“在…的時候”。
Sira說，在華人的文化中，
你如果剩下一點食物留在盤子裡
就表示你吃飽了
而且很滿足。
In Chinese culture,
you leave food on your plate
to show that you are full and satisfied.
名詞 plate 就是盤子，
而形容詞 satisfied 就是滿足的、滿意的。
但是在歐洲有些地方或是土耳其，
你盤子裡如果有食物沒吃完，
主人會覺得你不喜歡他們準備的食物。
If you do, the host might think you didn’t like the meal.
名詞 host 就是主人。
I was reading about taboos in different countries this morning.
It was very interesting. I’m sure
it’s good to learn what to do
and what not to do in different places. Yes.
Did you know that in Japan,
it’s disrespectful to leave the office before your boss?
Really? Huh.
I’m glad that’s not true here in the US.
Me too. It’s also impolite in Japan to eat or drink
while walking. We do that all the time here,
and no one thinks anything about it.
So, we learn that Sarah was doing some learning this morning.
She was reading about taboos in different countries,
and she found reading about these taboos very interesting.
"I was reading about taboos" is today’s calendar phrase.
I was reading about taboos. I was reading about taboos.
我剛在讀一些禁忌。
Interesting.
What’s interesting?
I was reading about taboos... tattoos?
No, I was reading about taboos... kazoos?
No, I was... I was reading about taboos... kangaroos?
No! I was reading about taboos! Shh!
Don’t shout in the library! It’s taboo.
I know! I was just reading about that.
I was reading about taboos.
I was reading about taboos.
我剛在讀一些禁忌。
Well, Greg is sure that that was interesting. It is good to learn what to do
and what not to do in different places.
You don’t want to be really uncomfortable,
right?
You want to show people that you respect their cultures.
Now, Sarah tells us two taboos about Japan. The first taboo
she tells us is that it’s disrespectful to leave the office before your boss.
Okay,
so if an action or behavior is disrespectful,
it is not respecting someone else.
We’re not showing them that you think they’re important. So,
in Japan,
you need to wait for your boss to leave the office first before
you can go home, right?
Because if you don’t do that,
then people will think you are not polite. Greg is surprised
because that’s not true in the United States.
No, that would leave a lot of people
waiting for a really long time in the office,
even though they already finished their work.
Sarah continues and says,
It’s also impolite in Japan to eat or drink
while walking. Right, friends?
Did you hear the word impolite?
Yesterday, we learned about the word polite.
If something is polite,
it means that you show people respect or you do things in a way
people think is good.
So if you’re impolite,
it means you don’t show people respect.
It’s not good to be impolite.
So, in Japan,
it’s impolite to eat or drink
while walking
or at the same time as walking.
Let’s go to Sonya for more on this.
Sira說，在日本邊走邊吃喝也是不禮貌的行為。
It’s also impolite in Japan
to eat or drink
while walking.
形容詞 polite 是有禮貌的意思。
前面加上 im
就會變成反義字 impolite
是沒禮貌的意思。
類似的例子還有 possible（可能的）→ impossible（不可能的）。
patient（有耐心的）→ impatient（沒耐心的）。
perfect（完美的）→ imperfect（不完美的）。
我們來造句：
It’s impossible to make her happy.
要讓她開心是不可能的。
或是
Noah shouldn’t be a teacher.
He’s too impatient.
Noah不該當老師，他太沒耐心了。
再一句
We live in an imperfect world.
我們住在一個不完美的世界裡。
Thank you very much, Sonya.
This taboo right here
really does show that difference in cultures.
It’s impolite in Japan
to eat or drink
while walking, but in the US, people do it all the time
and it’s not a big deal.
Sarah tells us no one thinks anything about it. That means,
so what? Everyone thinks it’s okay.
Yeah, what do you think about this one, friends?
Let’s go to our break now as we think about it.
We’ll be right back.
Talking English ten minutes every day,
every day, that’s the way.
Welcome back to the show, everyone.
Do you sit down and take a break
when you have a snack or a drink?
Some people do that; people in Japan do that.
But in many other parts of the world,
people might eat and walk to save time, right?
It does save time, and many of us are in a hurry. Well,
don’t do it in Japan.
It’s a taboo. Let’s learn more about other taboos
in the rest of our conversation.
Taboo is a pretty strong word. Yes.
It means forbidden. Some things aren’t really taboo in a culture;
they’re just rude or impolite.
That’s true.
Sometimes what is polite in one culture is rude in another.
For example,
in Chinese culture,
you leave food on your plate
to show that you are full and satisfied.
But in other cultures,
you don’t, right? In some places in Europe
and in Turkey,
you shouldn’t leave food on your plate. If you do, the host might
think you didn’t like the meal.
Greg makes a good point here.
He says that taboo is a strong word. Now,
taboo really does describe things that are somewhat serious
in certain cultures, right?
And we learn another strong word: forbidden.
If something is forbidden,
it means you should not say it at all.
Yeah,
you cannot do it.
It is not allowed. Well,
some things aren’t really taboo in a culture;
they’re just rude or impolite, right?
If something is rude or impolite,
you’re not showing respect to people in that culture.
Well, Sarah tells us sometimes,
what is polite in one culture is rude in another.
Before we get into any examples of that,
let’s go to Sonya to learn more about that sentence.
Sira說，有時候在一個文化裡有禮貌的行為，在另一個文化裡卻是不禮貌的。
Sometimes what is polite in one culture is rude in another.
在本句中，what is polite in one culture為名詞子句，是本句的主詞，而這個句型可用來描述兩方之間的對比。
來看例句：
What is easy for you is always hard for me.
對你而言輕而易舉的事，對我總是很難。
或是
What is cheap in one city may be expensive in another.
某個城市裡很便宜的東西，在另一個城市裡可能很貴。
再一句：
What is heavy for a child may be light for an adult.
對小孩來說很重的東西，對大人來說可能很輕。
Thank you very much, Sonya. Okay, Esther, can you describe to us what we are talking about here?
Sure!
Let’s give an example of something that is rude in one culture, which might not be rude in another culture. For example, I have a hard time calling my American teachers by their first names because I want to call them Mr. [last name], but that’s not rude in American culture.
Not necessarily. That would depend on the person, though.
Okay, let’s go to what Sarah tells us in our conversation.
She says that in Chinese culture, you leave food on your plate to show that you are full and satisfied.
Hm, very interesting. Now, when we eat, we put our food on a plate. This is flat, and it’s usually round or in a square shape. Now, you eat until you are satisfied or full. You feel good because you’ve had enough food. So in Chinese culture, you don’t want to eat everything that’s there. You leave some leftover to show that, yes, you are full and you’ve had enough.
Right, you have no more room for other food.
Greg wants to know about other cultures and if they do this or not, and we want to answer our "Find It" question: When might a host think you didn’t like the meal?
If you leave food on your plate.
So, it’s completely different in some places in Europe and in Turkey. You shouldn’t leave food on your plate. If you do, the host might think you didn’t like the meal—that’s why you didn’t eat it.
Right, let’s go and review today’s keywords now.
Here’s your first keyword for today: impolite.
Impolite
It’s impolite to return someone’s gift while they like to chat while eating.
Plate
Plate
Jack put a lot of food on his plate.
Satisfied
Satisfied
I like my room; I’m satisfied.
Host
Host
The host paid for dinner.
Well, friends, those are today’s keywords. Keep on practicing them, and now it’s your turn.
The keywords for today are impolite, while, plate, satisfied, and host. Now, it’s your turn to use them in a sentence.
First: She ate everything on her _____.
Good job! She ate everything on her plate.
Next: Don’t be _____.
You got it! Don’t be impolite.
Next: Don’t forget to thank the _____.
Correct! Don’t forget to thank the host.
Do you listen to music ____ studying?
You’re right! Do you listen to music while studying?
Last one: The plan is good. He’s _____.
Good job! The plan is good. He’s satisfied.
Are you satisfied with all your answers? I hope so. I’ll see you next time for your turn.
I was reading about taboos in different countries this morning.
It was very interesting.
I’m sure it’s good to learn what to do and what not to do in different places.
Yes. Did you know that in Japan, it’s disrespectful to leave the office before your boss?
Really? Huh.
I’m glad that’s not true here in the US.
Me too.
It’s also impolite in Japan to eat or drink while walking.
We do that all the time here, and no one thinks anything about it.
Taboo is a pretty strong word.
Yes, it means forbidden. Some things aren’t really taboo in a culture; they’re just rude or impolite.
That’s true.
Sometimes what is polite in one culture is rude in another.
For example, in Chinese culture, you leave food on your plate to show that you are full and satisfied.
But in other cultures, you don’t, right?
In some places in Europe and in Turkey, you shouldn’t leave food on your plate. If you do, the host might think you didn’t like the meal.
Taboo, Tattoo, Kazoo, Yahoo!
Haha, Achoo, Kangaroo! Haha!
It sounds funny, but it’s a pretty strong word.
It is. What does taboo mean? The word taboo means forbidden.
Oh.
What does forbidden mean?
Forbidden is something that is not allowed. Very wrong. Very bad.
Oh, something that is impolite?
Yes, very, very impolite.
Oh, something that is disrespectful?
Oh, so don’t do taboo!
Right, and remember, something polite in one culture may be rude in another.
Oh, so how do I know what to do and what not to do in different places?
Read this book.
Read this?
Yes, read it and memorize it.
No way!
Oh no!
Hello and greetings!
I’m the game master, and you’re here for What’s the Answer?
When you visit a new country, it’s important to know how to behave—like what not to do and what not to say. That’s today’s topic, and we’ll see if Mandy and Lila can answer our new questions.
Let’s start in Japan:
It’s impolite to do what while walking?
A) Eat food or drink something
B) Talk on the phone
C) Take off your jacket
D) Sing a song
Yes, Lila?
Okay, well, let’s see. Taking your jacket off is probably fine. I’ll say it’s A: Eat food or drink something.
You are correct!
If you go to Japan, find a seat before you start snacking.
Now, tell me if this is true or false: In Turkey, you should leave food on your plate to show you are full and satisfied.
Mandy, you’re up.
Okay, I can do this.
It’s false. That is true in Chinese culture, though.
You’re right!
We’re almost done. We just have one last question.
Can you fill in this blank?
In Chinese culture, some people avoid the number _____.
It’s Mandy again!
Yes, it is! I know this one. The answer is 4!
Wow, well done! Great answer and a great game! Mandy, you win!
Well, that’s all for today.
We’ll see you next time on What’s the Answer?
See you later!
Well, friends, what do you think about the taboos that we talked about today?
I think the idea of whether or not to finish the meal on your plate is a really interesting question, right? Because every culture is different. And when we talked about that, we used the word host.
Your host is the person who invited you over for dinner. They host you, yeah.
So, what would you do? Would you leave food on the plate to show you’re full and satisfied, or finish it up to show that you enjoyed the food they served?
I’m not sure that there is a right or wrong answer—just try not to break any taboos, right?
Thanks for joining us! We’ll see you again tomorrow right here on Let’s Talk in English. Goodbye!
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