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▲陳建仁召開年改記者會。(圖/記者陳家祥攝,下同) 記者翁嫆琄/台北小額信用貸款報導 行政院年金改革辦公室依據總統府年金改革委員會歷次會議、分區會議及各界之意見,擬具「2017 年金改革方案(草案)」,供 1 月 22 日舉行之國是會議討論。其重點如下: 一、 年金改革的目標 健全年金財務,促進制度永續。確保老年生活,經濟安全無虞。兼顧職業衡平,實現世代互助。 透過這次改革,延長基金壽命,確保基金餘額至少一個世代不會用盡(公務人員退休基金延至 133 年,教育人員退休基金延至 132 年,勞保基金延至 125 年)。並透過定期滾動檢討,讓基金永續,「世世代代領得到,長長久久領到老」。 二、 終結優惠存款制度,讓 18%走入歷史 讓 18%優惠存款制度走入歷史,所節省的經費扣除地方自籌款之餘額,全數撥補挹注退撫基金。為保障早年年資較低或待遇偏低的退休公教人員的老年生活,訂定符合老年經濟安全所需的「基本生活保障」(25,000 元或 32,160 元)。若是其月退休金總額低於「基本生活保障」,則維持原支領之金額,不予調整。若是退休公教人員支領月退休金(含兼領)者,其總額超出 「基本生活保障」,優惠存款最晚分 6 年全數歸零(優存利率第1年降至9%、第3年降至6%、第5年降至3%、第7年降至 0)。若是支領一次退者,另設計方案逐年調降優存利率。 優存利率歸零或調降後之月退休金總額,將不低於「基本生活保障」。歸零或調降後的優惠存款本金,將交還本人。 三、 調降公教所得替代率,與國際接軌 在優惠存款利息歸零之後,未來退休公教人員年金的平均所得替代率,將設定為「本俸兩倍」的 60%,約等於非主管人員「實質薪資」的 70.8%。? 超過的部分,將會先調降至「本俸兩倍」的 7%,再以每年1%的幅度逐步調降,至預訂目標為止,藉此拉近不同職業別年金所得替代率的差距、減輕各職業別社會保險與退休制度的財務負擔,並逐漸與國際接軌。 四、 延長投保(提撥)薪資採計期間,縮減基金收支落差 調整退休金計算基準,平均投保(提撥)薪資採計期間,逐年延長 1 年,至最後或最佳 15 年(180 個月)為止。? 藉此拉近公教人員給付與投保(提撥)薪資的計算差距,降低臨退升遷的不公平。也避免勞工平時以多保少、臨退以少保多的道德風險。 五、 延後請領年齡,以因應人口老化 因應人口老化、預期壽命延長的趨勢,除危險勞動或特殊職務者之外,標準請領年齡均漸進調整,逐年延後至 65 歲。 提前退休者,得領取「減額年金」;延後退休者,得領取「增額年金」。提前或延後年限最多 5 年,並依每年 4%的比率,降低或增加年金給付額度。 針對危險勞動(例如警察、消防等)與特殊職務者(例如中小學教師,另外訂定更早的請領年齡,允許其額外再提前請領減額年金,以符合其職業特性。 六、 提高費率上限,漸進調整費率 公教退撫基金之提撥率法定上限,提高為 18%。費率自方案實施後,將逐年提高 1%,並於費率達 15%時,檢討整併公教 人員保險之可行性,訂定最適費率。如無更佳方案,則費率逐年再調高至 18%為止。勞工保險費率之法定上限,亦提高為 18%。費率自 107 年起 每年調升 0.5%,於 112 年檢討是否與勞工退休金整併。如無更佳方案,且經精算未來 20 年保險基金餘額不足以支應保險給付,其後每年繼續調高 1%至上限 18%(117 年)。 為接軌國際趨勢,我國的年金總費率(勞工保險加勞工退休金、公教人員保險加公務人員退休或教育人員退休制度費率) 應以不超過 20%為原則。 七、 政府財源挹注,強化基金財務永續 在費率調高的同時,政府財源亦將挹注基金。在公教人員部分,調降退休所得和取消優惠存款所節省的經費,在扣除屬於地方政府的自籌款後,其餘額將挹注退撫基金。在勞工部分,政府自 107 年起每年撥補 200 億元挹注基金,強化財務永續。 八、 設計年金年資可攜帶制度,跨職域就業有保障 我國各職業別年金制度各自分立,受雇者若是跨職域轉換工作,其年金請領權益將嚴重受損,不利於個人職涯的房貸規劃。為了因應各職域之間人力流動的需求增加,各職業別保險與退休(撫)金制度應設計「保留年資」的規定,讓受僱者可以在屆齡退休之前,自由選擇轉任不同職域工作,到了法定起支年齡,以「合併計算年資、分別計算年金」的方式,請領其原有加新任職業別的退休金,不必為了請領月退休金而於退休前再回任原職;或擔心領不到月退休金而不敢離開原職場。 九、 基金管理專業化、透明化提升投資效率 此次年金改革,退休人員團體普遍關心基金管理效率問題,期待基金投資效率提升,以增加職業別年金之財務穩定,並藉此提高給付水準。未來基金管理的改革方向,將讓基金管理專業化、資訊透明化,並減少政治干預,增加利害關係人參與選擇權。 十、 改革黨職併公職等不合理設計,讓制度回歸常軌 當前年金制度存在若干針對特殊對象的不合理設計,應一 併處理,包括:1.國民黨黨職併公職年資溢領的年金、2.政務官年資併計事務人員年資而領取偏高的優惠存款利息、3. 法官與檢察官之養老與退休金加上退養金之後所得替代率偏高、4.財政部所屬公營行庫享有 13%的員工優惠存款等, 應該趁此次年金改革一併檢討改進。 依各年金相關法律規定已領取退休金(含優惠存款利息)者 ,其已領取部分不會要求繳回。但本次年金改革後,所有領取退休金者應一體適用改革後的新規定,以符合公平正義。 勞工軍公教雙輸!反年金號召25萬人 陳建仁:讓18%走入歷史世代領得到 陳建仁宣示年改重點軍公教將抗議 陳建仁掀年改底牌18%優存6年後歸.. 黨魁之戰郝龍斌:我不是靠爸族 砍年金葉毓蘭:連外勞都請不起 羅智強:把府發言人位置讓給黃重諺 絕食抗議年金改革綠委:好笑 北捷說機捷2月正式通車桃捷打臉 軍公教仍有2.5萬月退黃國昌嘆氣 H奶女星劉樂妍自爆獲政黨邀請! ISIS揚言恐攻川普謀咧驚? 軍人18%刪除?林萬億:列入規劃 徐巧芯:國民黨需要像韓國瑜這樣的人 房屋貸款房屋增貸 2017-01-2003:房屋借款00 WARM WELCOME? Vice President Chen Chien-jen said that protesters should avoid the cold by sending representatives to Sunday’s meeting to discuss issuesBy Stacy Hsu / Staff reporterVice President Chen Chien-jen (陳建仁) yesterday unveiled details of the government’s draft pension reform plan, urging opponents to send representatives to a national affairs conference scheduled for Sunday.Speaking at an afternoon news conference at the Presidential Office, Chen said the draft was drawn up after 20 committee meetings, four regional forums and efforts to solicit opinions from all sectors of society.Chen said the draft plan aims to ensure that the nation’s various pension funds can be sustained for at least another generation, delaying estimations for bankruptcy of the Labor Insurance Fund by nine years to 2036, the public-school teachers’ pension fund by 12 years to 2043 and the Public Service Pension Fund by 14 years to 2044.“Our goal is to make sure that pension funds remain accessible generation after generation and be able to support insured people into their old age,” Chen said.Laying out several key elements of the proposed reforms, Chen said the controversy-dogged 18 percent preferential savings rate for retired public-sector employees taking monthly retirement payments would be lowered to 0 percent in three stages over six years.The saving rate is to be reduced every two years, falling to 9 percent, 6 percent and then 3 percent. It is to be 0 percent from the seventh year on.For those who take their pension as a lump sum, there are two proposed systems: Either the 9-6-3-0 process to reduce the interest rate as with monthly payments, or a separate plan of 12 percent for the first two years, 10 percent in years three and four, 8 percent in years five and six and 6 percent from year seven on.However, public servants whose monthly pension is below a specified floor — to be either NT$25,000 or NT$32,160 (US$791 or US$1,017) — are to retain the 18 percent preferential rate.Chen said that the government intends to cut the income replacement rate for public servants to “75 percent of two times a civil servant’s basic salary” and lower the rate by 1 percentage point each year until it is 60 percent of two times the basic salary.Under current pension plans, government employees receive pensions of up to 95 percent of their pre-retirement income, which is straining national coffers.To make pension funds more sustainable, the average used to determine payments is to be based on a longer timeframe. The proposal is for the average insured salary of the final 15 years of employment to be used to determine pensions, with that number to be reached by adding 12 months to the timeframe each year until the 15-year target is met.Also, the retirement age is to be increased to 65, except for professions of a special nature or those that involve dangerous activities, while the ceiling for labor insurance premiums paid by public servants, public-school teachers and private-sector workers is to be raised stepwise to 18 percent.Other highlights of the proposal include a scheme to allow employees to keep their work years when they switch jobs, including moves between the private sector and the public sector.“The money that is to be saved by lowering the income replacement rate for public servants and the cancelation of the 18 percent preferential rate will be put into the [Public Service Pension] Fund,” Chen said, adding that starting next year the government is to inject NT$20 billion into the Labor Insurance Fund annually.Minister Without Portfolio Lin Wan-i (林萬億), who is deputy convener and executive director of the committee, said that as the nation has 13 different pension funds, the government plans two stages to reform such a complicated system.“We welcome various opinions at Sunday’s conference. They will be factored into the next stage,” Lin said.Asked to comment on a large-scale demonstration in front of the Presidential Office Building planned for Sunday by civil servants, Chen said that given falling temperatures, it would be better for opponents of the plans to send representatives to the conference, where their voices would be better heard.Additional reporting by CNA新聞來源:TAIPEI TIMES 鉅亨網記者宋宜芳 台北Uber 今 (19) 日宣布與中華民國計程車駕駛工會全聯會合作,預計 2 月推出 uberTAXI,並且認為此為合法的做法,交通部對此表示,若此合作案涉及金流,且 Uber 公司沒有申請計程車客運服務業,就涉及違法。Uber 提出的和計程車合作方式為,叫車軟體更新之後,將會增加一個 uberTAXI 的選單,使用者可自行選擇原本的 Uber 服務 (菁英優步、尊榮優步)、或是計程車司機的服務,不過 2 者計費方式並不相同,和 Uber 公司合作的計程車駕駛工會全聯會,仍將使用計程車跳表方式計費。Uber 目前的規劃為初期不向計程車駕駛收取平台費,若單純提供平台服務,沒有金流、無任何對價關係,交通部認為違法可能性相對較小,但一旦涉及任何金流,儘管 Uber 及其合作對象,自認為屬於派遣叫車服務,號稱合法,仍為非法行為。交通部表示,依目前 Uber 本身運營方式,透過平台,Uber 駕駛提供 20%、25% 的平台服務費給 Uber 公司,就是違法行為,主要為沒有申請計程車客運服務業的運營模式。也因此,交通部認為,今日 Uber 宣布即將在 2 月推出的 UberTAXI 是否完全合法,還得必須去查看其運作模式,一旦涉及金流就是違法。交通部進一步說明指出,Uber 現在分為 2 塊,其一、原本的運作模式,屬於違法,其二、和計程車合作,若有金流對價關係存在,仍是違法。
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