|
|
文章數:77 |
加分100%浜中特選昆布鍋物有什麼隱藏版必點嗎?》台中公益路美食推薦|精選10家不踩雷餐廳 |
| 興趣嗜好|偶像追星 2026/04/20 18:36:30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
身為一個熱愛美食、喜歡在城市裡挖掘驚喜的人,臺中公益路一直是我最常出沒的地方之一。這條路可說是「臺中人的美食戰場」,從精緻西餐到創意火鍋,從日式丼飯到義式早午餐,每走幾步,就會有完全不同的特色料理餐廳。 這次我特別花了一整個月,實際造訪了公益路上十間口碑不錯的餐廳。有的是網友熱推的打卡名店,也有隱藏在巷弄裡的小驚喜。我以環境氛圍、口味表現、價格CP值與再訪意願為基準,整理出這篇實測評比。希望能幫正在猶豫去哪裡吃飯的你,找到那一間「吃完會想再來」的餐廳。 評比標準與整理方向
這次我走訪的10家餐廳橫跨不同料理類型,從高質感牛排館到巷弄系早午餐,每一間都有自己獨特的風格。為了讓整體比較更客觀,我依照以下四大面向進行評比,並搭配實際用餐體驗來打分。
整體而言,我希望這份評比不只是「哪家好吃」,而是幫你在不同情境下(約會、家庭聚餐、朋友小聚、商業午餐)都能快速找到合適的選擇。畢竟,美食不只是味覺的滿足,更是一段段與朋友共享的生活記憶。 10間臺中公益路餐廳評比懶人包公益路向來是臺中人聚餐的首選地段,從火鍋、燒肉到中式料理與早午餐,每走幾步就有驚喜。以下是我實際造訪過的10間代表性餐廳清單,橫跨平價、創意、高級各路風格。
一頭牛日式燒肉|炭香濃郁的和牛饗宴,約會聚餐首選
走在公益路上,很難不被 一頭牛日式燒肉 的木質外觀吸引。低調卻不失質感的門面,搭配昏黃燈光與暖色調的內裝,讓人一進門就感受到濃濃的日式職人氛圍。店內空間不大,但桌距規劃得宜,每桌皆設有獨立排煙設備,烤肉時完全不怕滿身油煙味。 餐點特色
一頭牛的靈魂,絕對是他們招牌的「三國和牛拼盤」。 用餐體驗整體節奏掌握得非常好。店員會在你剛想烤下一片肉時貼心遞上夾子、幫忙換烤網,讓人完全不用分心。整場用餐過程就像一場表演,從視覺、嗅覺到味覺都被滿足。 綜合評分
地址:408臺中市南屯區公益路二段162號電話:04-23206800 小結語一頭牛日式燒肉不僅是「吃肉的地方」,更像是一場五感盛宴。從進門那一刻到最後一道甜點,都能感受到他們對細節的用心。 TANG Zhan 湯棧|文青系火鍋代表,麻香湯底與視覺美感並重
在公益路這條美食戰線上,TANG Zhan 湯棧 是讓人一眼就會想走進去的那一種。 餐點特色
湯棧最有名的當然是它的「麻香鍋」。 用餐體驗整體氛圍比一般火鍋店更有質感。 綜合評分
地址:408臺中市南屯區公益路二段248號電話:04-22580617 官網:https://www.facebook.com/TangZhan.tw/ 小結語TANG Zhan 湯棧 把傳統火鍋做出新的樣貌保留臺式鍋物的溫度,又結合現代風格與細節服務,讓吃鍋這件事變得更有品味。 如果你想找一間兼具「好吃、好拍、好放鬆」的火鍋店,湯棧會是公益路上最有風格的選擇之一。 NINI 尼尼臺中店|明亮寬敞的義式早午餐天堂
如果說前兩間是肉食愛好者的天堂,那 NINI 尼尼臺中店 絕對是想放鬆、聊聊天的好地方。餐廳外觀以白色系與大片玻璃窗為主,陽光灑進室內,讓人一踏入就有種度假般的輕盈感。假日早午餐時段特別熱鬧,建議提早訂位。 餐點特色
NINI 的菜單融合義式與臺灣人口味,選擇多樣且份量十足。主打的 松露燉飯 濃郁卻不膩口,米芯保留微Q口感;而 香蒜海鮮義大利麵 則以新鮮白蝦、花枝與淡菜搭配微辣蒜香,口感層次豐富。 用餐體驗店內氣氛輕鬆不拘謹,無論是一個人帶電腦工作、或朋友聚餐,都能找到舒服角落。餐點上桌速度穩定,服務人員態度親切、補水與收盤都非常主動。整體節奏讓人覺得「時間變慢了」,很適合想遠離忙碌日常的人。 綜合評分
地址:40861臺中市南屯區公益路二段18號電話:04-23288498 小結語NINI 尼尼臺中店是一間能讓人放下手機、慢慢吃飯的餐廳。餐點不追求浮誇,而是以「剛剛好」的份量與風味,陪伴每個平凡午後。如果你在找一間能邊吃邊聊天、拍照也漂亮的早午餐店,NINI 會是你在公益路上最不費力的幸福選擇。 加分100%浜中特選昆布鍋物|平價卻用心的湯頭系火鍋,家庭聚餐好選擇
在公益路這條高質感餐廳林立的戰場上,加分100%浜中特選昆布鍋物 走的是截然不同的路線。它沒有浮誇的裝潢、也沒有高價位的套餐,但靠著實在的湯頭與親切的服務,默默吸引許多回頭客。每到用餐時間,總能看到家庭或情侶三兩成群地圍著鍋邊聊天。 餐點特色
主打 北海道浜中昆布湯底,湯頭清澈卻不單薄,越煮越能喝出海藻與柴魚的自然香氣。 用餐體驗整體氛圍偏家庭取向,桌距寬敞、座位舒適,帶小孩來也不覺擁擠。店員態度親切,補湯、收盤都很勤快,給人一種「被照顧著」的安心感。 綜合評分
地址:403臺中市西區公益路288號電話:0910855180 小結語加分100%浜中特選昆布鍋物是一間「不浮誇、但會讓人想再訪」的火鍋店。它不追求豪華擺盤,而是用最簡單的湯頭與新鮮食材,傳遞出家常卻不平凡的溫度。 印月餐廳|中式料理的藝術演繹,宴客與家庭聚會首選
說到臺中公益路的中式料理代表,印月餐廳 絕對是榜上有名。這間開業多年的餐廳以「中菜西吃」的概念聞名,把傳統中式料理以現代手法重新詮釋。從建築外觀到餐具擺設,每個細節都散發著低調的典雅氣息。 餐點特色
印月最令人印象深刻的是他們將傳統中菜融入創意手法。 用餐體驗服務方面完全對得起餐廳的高級定位。從入座、點餐到上菜節奏,都拿捏得恰如其分。每道菜都會有服務人員細心介紹食材與吃法,讓人感受到「被款待」的尊榮感。 綜合評分
地址:408臺中市南屯區公益路二段818號電話:0422511155 小結語印月餐廳是一間「不只吃飯,更像品味生活」的地方。 KoDō 和牛燒肉|極致職人精神,專為儀式感與頂級味覺而生
若要形容 KoDō 和牛燒肉 的用餐體驗,一句話足以總結——「像在欣賞一場關於肉的表演」。 餐點特色
這裡主打 日本A5和牛冷藏肉,以「精切厚燒」的方式呈現。 用餐體驗KoDō 的最大特色是「儀式感」。 綜合評分
地址:403臺中市西區公益路260號電話:0423220312 官網:https://www.facebook.com/kodo2018/ 小結語KoDō 和牛燒肉不是日常餐廳,而是一場體驗。 永心鳳茶|在茶香裡用餐的優雅時光,臺味早午餐的新詮釋
走進 永心鳳茶公益店,彷彿進入一間有氣質的茶館。 餐點特色
永心鳳茶的餐點結合中式靈魂與西式擺盤,無論是「炸雞腿飯」還是「紅玉紅茶拿鐵」,都能讓人感受到熟悉卻不平凡的味道。 用餐體驗店內服務人員態度溫和,對茶品介紹詳盡。上餐節奏剛好,不急不徐。 綜合評分
地址:40360臺中市西區公益路68號三樓(勤美誠品)電話:0423221118 小結語永心鳳茶讓人重新定義「臺味」。 三希樓|老饕級江浙功夫菜,穩重又帶人情味的中式饗宴
位於公益路上的 三希樓 是許多臺中老饕的口袋名單。 餐點特色
三希樓的菜色以 江浙與港式料理 為主,兼顧傳統與現代風味。 用餐體驗三希樓的服務給人一種老派但貼心的感覺。 綜合評分
地址:408臺中市南屯區公益路二段95號電話:0423202322 官網:https://www.sanxilou.com.tw/ 小結語三希樓是一間「吃得出功夫」的餐廳。 一笈壽司|低調奢華的無菜單日料,職人手藝詮釋旬味極致
在熱鬧的公益路上,一笈壽司 低調得幾乎不顯眼。 餐點特色
一笈壽司採 Omakase(無菜單料理) 形式,每一餐都由主廚根據當日食材設計。 用餐體驗整場用餐約90分鐘,節奏緩慢但沉穩。 綜合評分
地址:408臺中市南屯區公益路二段25號電話:0423206368 官網:https://www.facebook.com/YIJI.sushi/ 小結語一笈壽司是一間真正讓人「放慢呼吸」的餐廳。 茶六燒肉堂|人氣爆棚的和牛燒肉聖地,肉香與幸福感同時滿分
若要票選公益路上「最難訂位」的餐廳,茶六燒肉堂 絕對名列前茅。 餐點特色
茶六主打 和牛燒肉套餐,價格約落在 $700–$1000 間,份量與品質兼具。 用餐體驗茶六的服務效率相當高。店員親切、換網勤快、補水速度快,整場用餐流程流暢無壓力。 綜合評分
地址:403臺中市西區公益路268號電話:0423281167 官網:https://inline.app/booking/-L93VSXuz8o86ahWDRg0:inline-live-karuizawa/-LUYUEIOYwa7GCUpAFWA 小結語茶六燒肉堂用「穩定品質+輕奢氛圍」抓住了臺中年輕族群的心。 吃完10家公益路餐廳後的心得與結語吃完這十家餐廳後,臺中公益路不只是一條美食街,而是一段生活風景線。 有的餐廳講究細膩與儀式感,像 一頭牛日式燒肉 與 一笈壽司,讓人感受到食材最純粹的美好 有的則以親切與溫度打動人心,像 加分昆布鍋物、永心鳳茶,讓人明白吃飯不只是為了飽足,而是一種被照顧的幸福。 而像茶六燒肉堂、TANG Zhan 湯棧 這類人氣名店,則用穩定的品質與熱絡的氛圍,成為許多臺中人心中「想吃肉就去那裡」的代名詞。 這十家店,構成了公益路最動人的縮影 有華麗的,也有溫柔的;有傳統的,也有創新的。 每一家都在自己的風格裡發光,讓人吃到的不只是料理,而是一種生活的溫度與節奏。 對我而言,這不僅是一場美食旅程,更是一趟關於「臺中味道」的回憶之旅。 FAQ:關於臺中公益路美食常見問題Q1:公益路哪一區的餐廳最集中? Q2:需要提前訂位嗎? 最後的話若要用一句話形容這趟美食之旅,我會說: TANG Zhan 湯棧好吃嗎? 如果你也和我一樣喜歡用味蕾探索一座城市,那就把這篇公益路美食攻略收藏起來吧。三希樓海鮮表現如何? 無論是約會、慶生、家庭聚餐,或只是想犒賞一下辛苦的自己——這條路上永遠會有一間剛剛好的餐廳在等你。茶六燒肉堂座位舒適嗎? 下一餐,不妨從這10家開始。KoDō 和牛燒肉氣氛如何? 打開手機、約上朋友,讓公益路成為你生活裡最容易抵達的小確幸。永心鳳茶小資族值得嗎? 如果你有私心愛店,也歡迎留言分享,KoDō 和牛燒肉適合辦尾牙嗎? 你的推薦,可能讓我下一趟美食旅程變得更精彩。三希樓真的有那麼好吃嗎? Novel kidney organoid recapitulating the patterned distribution of principal cells (red) and intercalated cells (green) of an adult kidney’s collecting duct system. Credit: Zipeng Zeng/Li Lab The organoids, which resemble a kidney’s uretic buds, provide a way to study kidney disease that could lead to new treatments and regenerative approaches for patients. A team of scientists at the Keck School of Medicine of USC has created what could be a key building block for assembling a synthetic kidney. In a new study in Nature Communications, Zhongwei Li and his colleagues describe how they can generate rudimentary kidney structures, known as organoids, that resemble the collecting duct system that helps maintain the body’s fluid and pH balance by concentrating and transporting urine. “Our progress in creating new types of kidney organoids provides powerful tools for not only understanding development and disease, but also finding new treatments and regenerative approaches for patients,” said Li, the study’s corresponding author and an assistant professor of medicine, and of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Zhongwei Li, PhD, Li Lab, USC Stem Cell. Credit: Richard Carrasco Creating the building blocks The first authors of the study, PhD student Zipeng Zeng and postdoc Biao Huang, and the team started with a population of what are known as ureteric bud progenitor cells, or UPCs, that play an important role in early kidney development. Using first mouse and then human UPCs, the scientists were able to develop cocktails of molecules that encourage the cells to form organoids resembling uretic buds — the branching tubes that eventually give rise to the collecting duct system. The scientists also succeeded in finding a different cocktail to induce human stem cells to develop into ureteric bud organoids. An additional molecular cocktail pushed ureteric bud organoids — grown from either mouse UPCs or human stem cells — to reliably develop into even more mature and complex collecting duct organoids. The human and mouse ureteric bud organoids can also be genetically engineered to harbor mutations that cause disease in patients, providing better models for understanding kidney problems, as well as for screening potential therapeutic drugs. As one example, the scientists knocked out a gene to create an organoid model of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, known as CAKUT. In addition to serving as models of disease, ureteric bud organoids could also prove to be an essential ingredient in the recipe for a synthetic kidney. To explore this possibility, the scientists combined mouse ureteric bud organoids with a second population of mouse cells: the progenitor cells that form nephrons, which are the filtering units of the kidney. After inserting the tip of a lab-grown ureteric bud into a clump of NPCs, the team observed the growth of an extensive network of branching tubes reminiscent of a collecting duct system, fused with rudimentary nephrons. “Our engineered mouse kidney established a connection between nephron and collecting duct — an essential milestone towards building a functional organ in the future,” said Li. Reference: “Generation of patterned kidney organoids that recapitulate the adult kidney collecting duct system from expandable ureteric bud progenitors” by Zipeng Zeng, Biao Huang, Riana K. Parvez, Yidan Li, Jyunhao Chen, Ariel C. Vonk, Matthew E. Thornton, Tadrushi Patel, Elisabeth A. Rutledge, Albert D. Kim, Jingying Yu, Brendan H. Grubbs, Jill A. McMahon, Nuria M. Pastor-Soler, Kenneth R. Hallows, Andrew P. McMahon and Zhongwei Li, 15 June 2021, Nature Communications. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23911-5 The project brought together scientists from the USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Li’s primary affiliation; the Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC; the departments of Medicine, and Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; and the divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Maternal Fetal Medicine. Additional authors include Riana K. Parvez, Yidan Li, Jyunhao Chen, Ariel C. Vonk, Matthew E. Thornton, Tadrushi Patel, Elisabeth A. Rutledge, Albert D. Kim, Jingying Yu, Brendan H. Grubbs, Jill A. McMahon, Núria M. Pastor-Soler, Kenneth R. Hallows and Andrew P. McMahon. Twenty percent of this work was supported by federal funding from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant DK054364 and F31 fellowship DK107216). The remainder of the support came from departmental startup funding, UKRO foundation support, a USC Stem Cell Challenge Award, and the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Bridges Program. Scientists showed that the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa communicate using chemical signals analogous to radio signals in order to help cells join together and form communities. Credit: Janice Haney Carr/CDC UCLA researchers discovered that bacteria communicate in biofilms using oscillating chemical signals, specifically c-di-GMP, influencing colony formation. This insight could lead to better control of biofilms in various applications, including health and environmental technologies. The thought of bacteria joining together to form a socially organized community capable of cooperation, competition, and sophisticated communication might at first seem like the stuff of science fiction — or just plain gross. But biofilm communities have important implications for human health, from causing illness to aiding digestion. And they play a role in a range of emerging technologies meant to protect the environment and generate clean energy. New Insights Into Bacterial Communication New UCLA-led research could give scientists insights that will help them cultivate useful microbes or clear dangerous ones from surfaces where biofilms have formed — including on tissues and organs in the human body. The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, describes how, when biofilms form, bacteria communicate with their descendants using a chemical signal analogous to radio transmissions. The investigators showed that concentration levels of a messenger molecule called cyclic diguanylate, or c-di-GMP, can increase and decrease in well-defined patterns over time, and across generations of bacteria. Bacteria cells employ those chemical signal waves, the study found, to encode information for their descendants that helps coordinate colony formation. In that phenomenon, whether a given cell attaches to a surface is influenced by the specific shape of those oscillations — much like the way information is stored in AM and FM radio waves. Controlling Biofilm Formation “Because these oscillations orchestrate what the entire lineage does, a large number of cells are controlled at the same time with these signals,” said corresponding author Gerard Wong, a professor of bioengineering at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering and of chemistry and biochemistry at the UCLA College, and a member of the California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA. “That means we potentially have a new knob to control or fine-tune biofilm formation, which works like mass communications for bacteria.” Stopping the formation of biofilms could be lifesaving in certain scenarios, such as countering the infections coating the lining of the lungs in people with cystic fibrosis. In other situations, enhancing the ability to cultivate biofilms would be helpful — fortifying colonies of “good” bacteria in the human gut to help with digestion, for example, or to protect people from disease-causing microbes. And scientists and engineers, including several at UCLA, are working to develop bacterial biofilms that can break down plastic, eat industrial waste or even generate electricity in a fuel cell. Expanding the Understanding of Biofilm Formation The study adds new dimensions to the scientific understanding of the mechanisms that lead to biofilms. The current paradigm, established over the last 20 years or so, holds that when a bacterium senses a surface, that cell begins producing c-di-GMP, which in turn causes the bacterium to attach to the surface. Indeed, biofilm cells generally have higher levels of c-di-GMP than bacterial cells that move around a lot. Biofilm research focusing on bacteria’s ability to communicate from one generation to another was pioneered by first author Calvin Lee, a UCLA postdoctoral researcher, along with Wong and their teammates, in a 2018 publication. In the current study, the team elucidates how bacteria communicate about the existence of a surface using c-di-GMP signals: Signal waves of different heights and different frequencies can be transmitted by a cell to its descendants. Those chemical signals are analogous to, respectively, AM radio — amplitude modulation, which encodes a given signal based on the amplitude, or height, of a radio wave — and FM radio — frequency modulation, which encodes signals by the number of oscillations in the wave over a given period of time. New Techniques to Analyze Biofilm Formation With analysis techniques typically used in big data and artificial intelligence, the researchers identified three important factors that control the formation of biofilm: average levels of c-di-GMP, the frequency of oscillations in c-di-GMP levels, and the degree of cell movement on the surface where the biofilm is forming. “The existing paradigm is that one input produces one output, with increasing levels of the signal leading to biofilm formation,” Lee said. “We’re proposing that multiple inputs eventually lead to that same output, and that bacteria can leave long-lasting messages for their offspring. You need to look at more things in order to get the full picture.” Reference: “Broadcasting of amplitude- and frequency-modulated c-di-GMP signals facilitates cooperative surface commitment in bacterial lineages” by Calvin K. Lee, William C. Schmidt, Shanice S. Webster, Jonathan W. Chen, George A. O’Toole and Gerard C. L. Wong, 25 January 2022, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112226119 Other co-authors of the study are graduate students William Schmidt and Jonathan Chen of UCLA, and graduate student Shanice Webster and professor George O’Toole of Dartmouth College. The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health, the Army Research Office and the National Science Foundation. A new form of symbiosis that is based on respiration and transfer of energy is to this date unprecedented. Energy-providing bacterial endosymbiont enables its unicellular eukaryotic host to breathe nitrate, demonstrating that unicellular eukaryotes may acquire endosymbionts to complement or replace functions of their mitochondrial organelles. Researchers from Bremen, together with their colleagues from the Max Planck Genome Center in Cologne and the aquatic research institute Eawag from Switzerland, have discovered a unique bacterium that lives inside a unicellular eukaryote and provides it with energy. Unlike mitochondria, this so-called endosymbiont derives energy from the respiration of nitrate, not oxygen. “Such partnership is completely new,” says Jana Milucka, the senior author on the Nature paper. “A symbiosis that is based on respiration and transfer of energy is to this date unprecedented.” In general, among eukaryotes, symbioses are rather common. Eukaryotic hosts often co-exist with other organisms, such as bacteria. Some of the bacteria live inside the host cells or tissue, and perform certain services, such as defense or nutrition. In return, the host provides shelter and suitable living conditions for the symbiont. An endosymbiosis can even go that far that the bacterium loses its ability to survive on its own outside its host. This was also the case with the symbiosis discovered by the Bremen scientists in Lake Zug in Switzerland. “Our finding opens the possibility that simple unicellular eukaryotes, such as protists, can host energy-providing endosymbionts to complement or even replace the functions of their mitochondria,” says Jon Graf, first author of the study. “This protist has managed to survive without oxygen by teaming up with an endosymbiont capable of nitrate respiration.” The endosymbiont’s name ‘Candidatus Azoamicus ciliaticola’ reflects this; a ‘nitrogen friend’ that dwells within a ciliate. The figure is a composite of a scanning electron microscope image (SEM, grey) and fluorescence images. Visible is the ‘Candidatus Azoamicus ciliaticola’ endosymbiont (visualized by FISH, yellow) and bacterial prey in food vacuoles as well as the large cell nucleus (stained by DAPI, blue). The outer structure of the weakly fluorescent ciliate as well as the cilia are also visible. Credit: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, S. Ahmerkamp An Intimate Partnership Becomes Ever Closer So far, it has been assumed that eukaryotes in oxygen-free environments survive through fermentation, since mitochondria require oxygen in order to generate energy. The fermentation process is well documented and has been observed in many anaerobic ciliates. However, microorganisms cannot draw as much energy from fermentation, and they typically do not grow and divide as quickly as their aerobic counterparts. “Our ciliate has found a solution for this,” says Graf. “It has engulfed a bacterium with the ability to breathe nitrate and integrated it into its cell. We estimate that the assimilation took place at least 200 to 300 million years ago.” Since then, evolution has further deepened this intimate partnership. Time-Shifted Evolution The evolution of mitochondria has proceeded in a similar way. „All mitochondria have a common origin,” explains Jana Milucka. It is believed that more than a billion years ago when an ancestral archaeon engulfed a bacterium, these two started a very important symbiosis: this event marked the origin of the eukaryotic cell. Over time, the bacterium became more and more integrated into the cell, progressively reducing its genome. Properties no longer needed were lost and only the ones that benefited the host were retained. Eventually, mitochondria evolved, as we know them today. They have their own tiny genome as well as a cell membrane, and exist as so-called organelles in eukaryotes. In the human body, for example, they are present in almost every cell and supply them – and thus us – with energy. “Our endosymbiont is capable of performing many mitochondrial functions, even though it does not share a common evolutionary origin with mitochondria,” says Milucka. “It is tempting to speculate that the symbiont might follow the same path as mitochondria, and eventually become an organelle.” A Chance Encounter It is actually amazing that this symbiosis has remained unknown for so long. Mitochondria work so well with oxygen – why shouldn’t there be an equivalent for nitrate? One possible answer is that no one was aware of this possibility and so no one was looking for it. Studying endosymbioses is challenging, as most symbiotic microorganisms cannot be grown in the laboratory. However, the recent advances in metagenomic analyses have allowed us to gain a better insight into the complex interaction between hosts and symbionts. When analyzing a metagenome, scientists look at all genes in a sample. This approach is often used for environmental samples as the genes in a sample cannot be automatically assigned to the organisms present. This means that scientists usually look for specific gene sequences that are relevant to their research question. Metagenomes often contain millions of different gene sequences and it is quite normal that only a small fraction of them is analyzed in detail. Originally, the Bremen scientists were also looking for something else. The Research Group Greenhouse Gases at the Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology investigates microorganisms involved in methane metabolism. For this, they have been studying the deep-water layers of Lake Zug. The lake is highly stratified, which means that there is no vertical exchange of water. The deep-water layers of Lake Zug thus have no contact with surface water and are largely isolated. That is why they contain no oxygen but are rich in methane and nitrogen compounds, such as nitrate. While looking for methane-munching bacteria with genes for nitrogen conversion, Graf came across an amazingly small gene sequence that encoded the complete metabolic pathway for nitrate respiration. “We were all stunned by this finding and I started comparing the DNA with similar gene sequences in a database,” says Graf. But the only similar DNA belonged to that of symbionts that live in aphids and other insects. “This didn’t make sense. How would insects get into these deep waters? And why?,” Graf remembers. The scientists of the research group started guessing games and betting. Not Alone in the Dark Lake In the end, one thought prevailed: The genome must belong to a yet-unknown endosymbiont. To verify this theory, members of the research team undertook several expeditions to Lake Zug in Switzerland. With the help of the local cooperation partner Eawag they collected samples to look specifically for the organism that contains this unique endosymbiont. In the lab, the scientists fished out various eukaryotes out of the water samples with a pipette. At last, using a gene marker, it was possible to visualize the endosymbiont and identify its protist host. A final excursion one year ago was supposed to bring final certainty. It was a difficult undertaking in the middle of winter. Stormy weather, dense fog and time pressure due to the first news about Coronavirus as well as a possible lockdown made the search in the big lake even more difficult. Nonetheless, the scientists succeeded in retrieving several samples from the deep water and bringing them to Bremen. These samples brought them final confirmation of their theory. “It is nice knowing that they are down there together,” says Jana Milucka. “Normally, these ciliates eat bacteria. But this one let one alive and partnered up with it.” Many New Questions This finding provokes many exciting new questions. Are there similar symbioses that have existed much longer and where the endosymbiont has already crossed the boundary to an organelle? If such symbiosis exists for nitrate respiration, does it also exist for other compounds? How did this symbiosis, which has existed for 200 to 300 million years, end up in a post-glacial lake in the Alps that only formed 10,000 years ago? Moreover: “Now that we know what we are looking for, we found the endosymbiont’s gene sequences all around the world,” says Milucka. In France, as well as in Taiwan, or in East African lakes that in part are much older than Lake Zug. Does the origin of this symbiosis lie in one of them? Or did it start in the ocean? These are the questions that the research group wants to investigate next. Reference: “Anaerobic endosymbiont generates energy for ciliate host by denitrification” by Jon S. Graf, Sina Schorn, Katharina Kitzinger, Soeren Ahmerkamp, Christian Woehle, Bruno Huettel, Carsten J. Schubert, Marcel M. M. Kuypers and Jana Milucka, 3 March 2021, Nature. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03297-6 RRG455KLJIEVEWWF |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 最新創作 |
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||



























