We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads.

電能可儲存在由一絕緣介質離隔的兩塊金屬極板內。這樣的裝配稱之為電容器，其貯存電能的能力稱為電容。

P.S.I. (pounds per square inch)磅/英寸

憑據上述的科技文章，在翻譯>過程中就要注重各種不同的翻譯>技能與方

colorimeter色度計（無連字元複合詞）

法。例如被動態的翻譯、長句的處置懲罰方式、倍數的翻譯>等等。

Computers may be classified as analog and digital.

翻譯>：如果沒有改變物體活動的緣由，那麼物體將作勻速直線活動。

cpd (compound)化合物

Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.

7、複合詞與縮略詞

翻譯>：振動著的物體產生聲波，每次振動產生一個聲波翻譯

新型電晶體的開關時間縮短了三分之二。

向上的力與向下的力相等，所以氣球就保持在這一高度。

任何作品均有特定的體裁，原文的體裁不同，翻譯>方法也隨之而異翻譯請觀察以下幾個片段的原文及其譯文：

取得的結果必須加以校訂翻譯

大量利用複合詞與縮略詞是科技文章的特點之一，複合詞從過去的雙片語合成長到多片語合；縮略詞趨勢於隨意率性構詞，例如某一篇論文的作者可以就僅在該文中利用的術語構成縮略詞，這給翻譯工作帶來一定的難題。例如：

它們都包含了較多的資料，而且處於句首的位置，非常醒目。四個主語完全分歧，避免了單調重複，前後聯貫，自然流利。克拉克闡揚中堅感化，詹森市高帽隊終以6:4擊敗蒙特利爾市小鴨隊，締造了連勝八場未輸一場的戰績。

MONTREAL-Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four -point first period out burst, to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.
[蒙特利爾電]在全國手球聯賽中克拉克約翰斯今晚初試鋒芒，引起轟動。上述這則電訊只有一個句子，卻把一場球賽描畫得極盡描摹，富於吸引力翻譯

翻譯>：為認識釋光學現象，人們曾試圖假定有一種具有與彈性固體相同的物理性質的介質。這種子測驗考試的了局，最初曾使人們瞭解到一種能傳輸橫向振動的具有上述假定所以認為的那種物理性質的發光介質。

It appears that you’ve got the offer of a very good job. 據說有個很好的工作要翻譯公司去做。

5、定語從句

由於摩擦而產生的力稱之為磨擦力。

該廠獨一可用的燃料是煤翻譯

maths (mathematics)數學（裁減式縮略詞）

I don’t want to. 不想做翻譯

電視經由過程無線電波發射和接管運動物體的圖象。

這是小說中的一段對說，屬於白話體裁。

爐壁採用耐火磚可大大下降熱消耗翻譯科技英語文所表述的是客觀規律，因之要儘量避免利用第一、二人稱；此外，要使首要的資料置於句首。

It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it.

翻譯>：使無線電波順次對每個聲音作出響應變化時，資訊就由廣播電臺傳遞到接收機。

五、常用句型
科技文章中常常使用若干特定的句型，從而形成科技體裁區別於其他體裁的標誌。

翻譯>：看來這兩個科學分支是互相依存，相互作用的。

Radiating from the earth翻譯社 heat causes air currents to rise.

A body can more uniformly and in a straight line,there being no cause to change that motion.

The results obtained must be cheeked .

以上資料起原：碩博翻譯社>

feed-back回饋（雙詞合成名詞）

Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.

Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions.

Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light.

radiophotography無線電傳真（無連字元複合詞）

地球繞軸自轉，引發晝夜的變化。

The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level.

Vibrating objects produce sound waves 翻譯社each vibration producing one sound wave.

lab (laboratory)實行室

full-enclosed 全關閉的（雙詞合成形容詞）

A wonderful job.  挺好的工作翻譯

I don’t think so.  不翻譯

A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.

翻譯>：在通訊系統中，電子學要解決的問題是如何把資訊從一個地方傳遞到另外一個處所翻譯

FM(frequency modulation)調頻（用首字母構成的縮略詞）

翻譯>：直流電是一種老是沿統一方向流動的電流。

2、形容詞及形容詞短語。

翻譯>：電磁波傳送的速度和光速相同。

It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.

In making the radio waves correspond to each sound in turn, messages are carried from a broadcasting station to a receiving set.

The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig.2.The full-scale reading of the meter alone may be 15volts.With the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to full-scale翻譯社 135 volts across the multiplier and 15volts across the meter.

翻譯>：人們認為這類合金鋼是這裏能供給的最好的合金鋼翻譯

這一段短文中各句的主語別離為：
Electrical energy
Such a device
Its ability to store electrical energy
It (Capacitance )

Why not?   為什麼不做？

It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one.

In communications翻譯社 the problem of electronics is how to convey information from one place to another.

The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times.

The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.

Are you going to take it?   籌算做嗎？

work-harden 加工硬化（雙詞合成詞）

TELESAT(telecommunications satellite )通訊衛星（混成法組成的縮略詞）

During construction, problems often arise which require design changes.

四、後置定語
大量使用後置定語也是科技文章的特點之一。常見的構造不以下五種：

1、介詞短語

翻譯>：顯然，潤滑好的軸承，比不潤滑的軸承輕易遷移轉變。

翻譯>：電腦可分為類比電腦和數位電腦兩種。

翻譯>：熱量由地球輻射出來時，使得氣流上升。

on-and-off-the-road路面越野兩用的（多詞合成形容詞）

She was of a helpless翻譯社 fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.

anti-armoured-fighting-vehicle-missile反坦克車導彈（多詞合成名詞）

翻譯>：已證實，感應電壓使電流的標的目的與產生電流的磁場力標的目的相反。

It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting.

1、大量使用名詞化結構

《現代英文語法》（A Grammar of Contemporary）在論述科技英文時提出，大量利用名詞化結構（Nominalization）是科技英文的特點之一。

二、普遍利用被動語句
按照英國里茲大學John Swales 的統計，科技英文中的謂語最少三分之一是被動態翻譯這是因為科技文章偏重敍事推理，強調客觀準確。

3、副詞

翻譯>：直到十九世紀人們才認識到熱是能量的一種情勢。

The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.

六、長句
為了表述一個複雜概念，使之邏輯周密，構造緊湊，科技文章中往往呈現很多長句翻譯有的長句多達七八個詞，以下便是一例。

3、非限制動詞。

This steel alloy is believed to be the best available here .

There are different ways of changing energy from one form into another.

科技英文翻譯>的技能

If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced.

翻譯>：將能量從一種形式改變成另一種情勢有各類分歧的方式翻譯

4、單個分詞，但仍保持校強的動詞意義翻譯

ft (foot/feet)英尺

criss-cross交叉著（雙詞合成副詞）

從上述的一段科技文章，不難看出其文體與修辭手段與前面列舉的文藝小說，新聞報道等迥然分歧翻譯科技體裁崇尚嚴謹嚴密，概念準確，邏輯性強，行文精練，重點凸起，句式嚴整，少有變化，經常使用前置性陳述，即在句中將主要訊息儘量前置，通過主語傳遞主要資訊。科技文章文體的特點是：清晰、準確、精練、周密。

翻譯>：構造材料的選擇應使其在外界條件中保持其彈性。

The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led翻譯社 in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibrations, and at a later stage to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis.

阿基米德最早發展固體排水的原理。

那婦人生著一副綿軟多肉的體魄，一張坦白開誠的面容，一種無邪羞怯的神氣。"and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress"長短常優美活潑的文學說話，譯文連結了一氣勢派頭。上面五十一個詞的片段，就應用了十個形容詞，占五分之一。

In this factory the only fuel available is coal.

在施工過程中，常會呈現需要改變設計的問題翻譯

SCR(silicon controlled rectifier )可控矽整流器